<p>It was one of the world's biggest nutrition trials. A study of thousands of people which found that following a Mediterranean diet could meaningfully reduce someone's risk of heart disease and stroke.</p><p>But as data detectives began to comb through the results of the trial, something wasn't quite adding up.</p><p>On Cooked this week, we're taking a look at what can go wrong when implementing a nutrition science trial at scale ... and what it means for one of the world's most popular diets.</p><p>Guests:</p><p>Dr John Carlisle</p><p>Anaesthetist, NHS, United Kingdom</p><p>Dr Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz</p><p>Epidemiologist, University of Wollongong</p><p>Dr Evangeline Mantzioris</p><p>Program Director, Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of South Australia</p><p>Credits:</p><ul><li>Presenter: Dr Emma Beckett</li><li>Producer: Carl Smith</li><li>Senior Producer: James Bullen</li><li>Sound Engineer: Angie Grant</li></ul><p>This story was made on the lands of the Gadigal, Wurundjeri, Jagera and Turrbal peoples.</p><p>More information:</p><p><a href="https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2012.07128.x">The analysis of 168 randomised controlled trials to test data integrity - Anaesthesia, 2012</a>.</p><p><a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1200303">Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet - New England Journal of Medicine, 2013</a>.</p><p><a href="https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.13938">Data fabrication and other reasons for non-random sampling in 5087 randomised, controlled trials in anaesthetic and general medical journals - Anaesthesia, 2017</a>.</p><p><a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1800389">Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts - New England Journal of Medicine, 2018</a>.</p><p><a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD009825.pub3/full">Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2019</a>.</p><p><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/10/2507">Translation of a Mediterranean-Style Diet into the Australian Dietary Guidelines: A Nutritional, Ecological and Environmental Perspective - Nutrients, 2019</a>.</p><p><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017078/full">Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet is associated with physical and cognitive health: a cross-sectional analysis of community-dwelling older Australians - Frontiers in Public Health, 2022</a>.</p><p><a href="https://www.entandaudiologynews.com/development/interviews/post/in-conversation-with-john-carlisle-the-silent-hero-shaping-medical-publication-integrity">In conversation with John Carlisle: the silent hero shaping medical publication integrity - ENT and Audiology News, 2024</a>.</p><p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/13/health/mediterranean-diet-heart-disease.html">That Huge Mediterranean Diet Study Was Flawed. But Was It Wrong? - NYT, 2018</a>.</p><p><a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/06/13/619619302/errors-trigger-retraction-of-study-on-mediterranean-diets-heart-benefits">Errors Trigger Retraction Of Study On Mediterranean Diet's Heart Benefits - NPR, 2018</a>.</p><p><a href="https://nautil.us/how-the-biggest-fabricator-in-science-got-caught-235421/">How the Biggest Fabricator in Science Got Caught - Nautilus, 2015</a>.</p><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/audio/2017/sep/14/statistical-vigilantes-the-war-on-scientific-science-weekly-podcast">Statistical vigilantes: the war on scientific fraud - The Guardian, Science Weekly Podcast, 2017</a>.</p>
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