Over 70% of Indigenous people in the United States live in urban areas. But urban Indian health makes up less than 2% of the Indian Health Service’s annual budget.While enrolled members of federally recognized tribes can access the Indian Health Service or tribally run health care on their reservations, Indigenous people who live in cities can find themselves without access to the care they're entitled to.“Even though we're living in urban areas now, that doesn't mean that our benefits should leave us,” said Esther Lucero, president and CEO of the Seattle Indian Health Board.The Seattle Indian Health Board is one of many urban clinics across the United States that opened to address the discrimination and lack of services Indigenous people face in cities. These clinics work to meet the cultural and ceremonial needs of the populations they serve.“We are much more than a community health center or place that provides direct service. We are a home away from home,” Lucero said.Episode 12 explores the barriers Indigenous people face to accessing quality health care in cities and the efforts of urban Indian clinics to meet the needs of this population.<a href="https://khn.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/09/ADXs4e12-TRANSCRIPT.pdf" target="_blank">Click here for a transcript of the episode.</a>Voices from the Episode:<ul><li>Esther Lucero, president and CEO of the Seattle Indian Health Board </li><li>Dr. Patrick Rock, CEO of the Indian Health Board of Minneapolis </li><li>Douglas Miller, an associate professor of Native American History at Oklahoma State University</li><li>Richard Wright, a spiritual health adviser with the Indian Health Board of Minneapolis</li></ul>Season 4 of “American Diagnosis” is a co-production of <a href="https://khn.org/">KHN</a> and <a href="https://www.justhumanproductions.org/">Just Human Productions</a>.Our Editorial Advisory Board includes <a href="https://twitter.com/jourdanbb?lang=en">Jourdan Bennett-Begaye</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/alastairbitsoi">Alastair Bitsóí</a>, and <a href="https://twitter.com/cherokee_editor?lang=en">Bryan Pollard</a>.To hear all KHN podcasts, <a href="https://khn.org/news/tag/podcast/">click here</a>.

<description>&lt;p&gt;Over 70% of Indigenous people in the United States live in urban areas. But urban Indian health makes up less than 2% of the Indian Health Service’s annual budget.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While enrolled members of federally recognized tribes can access the Indian Health Service or tribally run health care on their reservations, Indigenous people who live in cities can find themselves without access to the care they're entitled to.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“Even though we're living in urban areas now, that doesn't mean that our benefits should leave us,” said Esther Lucero, president and CEO of the Seattle Indian Health Board.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Seattle Indian Health Board is one of many urban clinics across the United States that opened to address the discrimination and lack of services Indigenous people face in cities. These clinics work to meet the cultural and ceremonial needs of the populations they serve.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“We are much more than a community health center or place that provides direct service. We are a home away from home,” Lucero said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Episode 12 explores the barriers Indigenous people face to accessing quality health care in cities and the efforts of urban Indian clinics to meet the needs of this population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://khn.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/09/ADXs4e12-TRANSCRIPT.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Click here for a transcript of the episode.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Voices from the Episode:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Esther Lucero,&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;president and CEO of the Seattle Indian Health Board &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dr. Patrick Rock,&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;CEO of the Indian Health Board of Minneapolis &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Douglas Miller,&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;an associate professor of Native American History at Oklahoma State University&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Richard Wright,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt; a spiritual health adviser with the Indian Health Board of Minneapolis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Season 4 of “American Diagnosis” is a co-production of &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://khn.org/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;KHN&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; and &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.justhumanproductions.org/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Just Human Productions&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Our Editorial Advisory Board includes &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/jourdanbb?lang=en"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jourdan Bennett-Begaye&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/alastairbitsoi"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Alastair Bitsóí&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, and &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/cherokee_editor?lang=en"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bryan Pollard&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;To hear all KHN podcasts, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://khn.org/news/tag/podcast/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;click here&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>

When Indigenous people started moving to cities in large numbers after World War II, many found hardship and discrimination there … but not the health care they were entitled to. Episode 12, the season finale, explores the efforts of urban Indian health providers to close those gaps by providing affordable, culturally competent care.

S4E12 / Indigenous and Invisible in the Big City / Esther Lucero, Dr. Patrick Rock, Douglas Miller, Richard Wright

Lanor Curole is a member of the United Houma Nation. She grew up in Golden Meadow, a small bayou town in Southern Louisiana. The impacts of repetitive flooding in the area forced her to move farther north.Louisiana’s coastal wetlands lose about <a href="https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blog/SIM3164_Pamphlet.pdf">16 square miles</a> of land each year. This land loss, pollution from the 2010 BP oil spill, and lingering devastation from Hurricanes Katrina and Ida are pushing many Houma people out of their homes.Since 1985, the United Houma Nation has been seeking federal tribal recognition status. Without this status, the tribe has fewer resources to respond to the climate crisis.“Our people are on that front line, but we don't have a seat at that table,” Curole said.Gaining federal recognition would grant the Houma access to the Indian Health Service and would allow the tribe to work directly with federal agencies like the Federal Emergency Management Agency when storms strike.“It's not like Willy Wonka’s ‘golden ticket’ … but I think it does open some additional doors that are definitely closed to us right now,” Curole said.Episode 11 explores the Houma people’s efforts to preserve culture in the face of the climate crisis.<a href="https://khn.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/08/ADXs4e11-TRANSCRIPT.pdf" target="_blank">Click here for a transcript of the episode.</a>Voices from the episode:<ul><li>Lanor Curole, Houma tribal administrator</li><li>Thomas Dardar Jr., former chief of the United Houma Nation</li><li>Shanondora Billiot, assistant professor of social work at Arizona State University</li><li>Daniel Lewerenz, assistant professor at the University of North Dakota School of Law</li></ul>Season 4 of “American Diagnosis” is a co-production of KHN and Just Human Productions.  Our Editorial Advisory Board includes <a href="https://twitter.com/jourdanbb?lang=en">Jourdan Bennett-Begaye</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/alastairbitsoi">Alastair Bitsóí</a>, and <a href="http://cherokee_editor/">Bryan Pollard</a>.

<description>&lt;p&gt;Lanor Curole is a member of the United Houma Nation. She grew up in Golden Meadow, a small bayou town in Southern Louisiana. The impacts of repetitive flooding in the area forced her to move farther north.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Louisiana’s coastal wetlands lose about &lt;a href="https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blog/SIM3164_Pamphlet.pdf"&gt;16 square miles&lt;/a&gt; of land each year. This land loss, pollution from the 2010 BP oil spill, and lingering devastation from Hurricanes Katrina and Ida are pushing many Houma people out of their homes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since 1985, the United Houma Nation has been seeking federal tribal recognition status. Without this status, the tribe has fewer resources to respond to the climate crisis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“Our people are on that front line, but we don't have a seat at that table,” Curole said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gaining federal recognition would grant the Houma access to the Indian Health Service and would allow the tribe to work directly with federal agencies like the Federal Emergency Management Agency when storms strike.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“It's not like Willy Wonka’s ‘golden ticket’ … but I think it does open some additional doors that are definitely closed to us right now,” Curole said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Episode 11 explores the Houma people’s efforts to preserve culture in the face of the climate crisis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://khn.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/08/ADXs4e11-TRANSCRIPT.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Click here for a transcript of the episode.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Voices from the episode:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lanor Curole&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Houma tribal administrator&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thomas Dardar Jr.&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;former chief of the United Houma Nation&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shanondora Billiot&lt;/strong&gt;, assistant professor of social work at Arizona State University&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Daniel Lewerenz&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;assistant professor at the University of North Dakota School of Law&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Season 4 of “American Diagnosis” is a co-production of KHN and Just Human Productions.  &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Our Editorial Advisory Board includes &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/jourdanbb?lang=en"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jourdan Bennett-Begaye&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/alastairbitsoi"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Alastair Bitsóí&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, and &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="http://cherokee_editor/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bryan Pollard&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.  &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>

Rising sea levels and severe hurricanes are displacing Indigenous people in Southern Louisiana and harming health. Episode 11 explores the United Houma Nation’s push for federal tribal recognition and the climate-change help that could come with it. 

“American Diagnosis” is a co-production of KHN and Just Human Productions.

S4E11 / Climate Displacement, Cultural Resilience / Lanor Curole, Thomas Dardar Jr., Shanondora Billiot, Daniel Lewerenz

Mending broken trust may be a first step for investigators who want to increase the participation of Native people in medical research. “There's such a history of extractive research in Indigenous communities, such that ‘research’ and ‘science’ are sometimes dirty words,” said Navajo geneticist and bioethicist Krystal Tsosie.Poor communication and a lack of transparency are among the missteps that have eroded the trust Indigenous communities have in medical research. And that mistrust has contributed to the underrepresentation of Native people in clinical trials. In 2018, Tsosie co-founded the <a href="https://nativebio.org/">Native BioData Consortium</a>, a research institute led by Indigenous scientists. The consortium is working to improve health equity by actively engaging community members in the research process. When the group collects biological samples from Native tribes, they are stored on sovereign Native American land and made accessible only to researchers who are prioritizing Indigenous health needs. “The benefits are directly rolled back into the people and their communities without a profit to outside entities,” Tsosie said.Episode 10 explores the history of exploitation of Indigenous communities by outside researchers and some of the health consequences of being left out of medical trials.<a href="https://khn.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/08/ADXs4e10-TRANSCRIPT.pdf">Click here for a transcript of the episode.</a>Voices from the Episode: <ul><li>Dr. Dakotah Lane – Executive medical director of the Lummi Tribal Health Clinic</li><li>Krystal Tsosie — <a href="https://twitter.com/kstsosie">Twitter</a> – Co-founder and ethics and policy director for the <a href="https://nativebio.org/">Native BioData Consortium</a></li></ul>Season 4 of “American Diagnosis” is a co-production of <a href="https://khn.org/">KHN</a> and <a href="https://www.justhumanproductions.org/">Just Human Productions</a>.Our Editorial Advisory Board includes <a href="https://twitter.com/jourdanbb?lang=en">Jourdan Bennett-Begaye</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/alastairbitsoi">Alastair Bitsóí</a>, and <a href="https://twitter.com/cherokee_editor?lang=en">Bryan Pollard</a>.To hear all KHN podcasts, <a href="https://khn.org/news/tag/podcast/">click here</a>.

<description>&lt;p&gt;Mending broken trust may be a first step for investigators who want to increase the participation of Native people in medical research. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“There's such a history of extractive research in Indigenous communities, such that ‘research’ and ‘science’ are sometimes dirty words,” said Navajo geneticist and bioethicist Krystal Tsosie.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Poor communication and a lack of transparency are among the missteps that have eroded the trust Indigenous communities have in medical research. And that mistrust has contributed to the underrepresentation of Native people in clinical trials. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2018, Tsosie co-founded the &lt;a href="https://nativebio.org/"&gt;Native BioData Consortium&lt;/a&gt;, a research institute led by Indigenous scientists. The consortium is working to improve health equity by actively engaging community members in the research process. When the group collects biological samples from Native tribes, they are stored on sovereign Native American land and made accessible only to researchers who are prioritizing Indigenous health needs. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“The benefits are directly rolled back into the people and their communities without a profit to outside entities,” Tsosie said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Episode 10 explores the history of exploitation of Indigenous communities by outside researchers and some of the health consequences of being left out of medical trials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://khn.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/08/ADXs4e10-TRANSCRIPT.pdf"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Click here for a transcript of the episode.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Voices from the Episode: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Dr. Dakotah Lane – &lt;i&gt;Executive medical director of the Lummi Tribal Health Clinic&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Krystal Tsosie — &lt;a href="https://twitter.com/kstsosie"&gt;Twitter&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; – Co-founder and ethics and policy director for the &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://nativebio.org/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Native BioData Consortium&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Season 4 of “American Diagnosis” is a co-production of &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://khn.org/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;KHN&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; and &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.justhumanproductions.org/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Just Human Productions&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Our Editorial Advisory Board includes &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/jourdanbb?lang=en"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jourdan Bennett-Begaye&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/alastairbitsoi"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Alastair Bitsóí&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, and &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/cherokee_editor?lang=en"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bryan Pollard&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;To hear all KHN podcasts, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://khn.org/news/tag/podcast/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;click here&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>

Exploitative practices in medical research have contributed to the underrepresentation of Native people in clinical trials. Episode 10 explores the efforts of Indigenous scientists to rebuild this broken trust through tribally controlled research.

S4E10 / Stewardship Over Biodata Rebuilds Trust / Dakotah Lane & Krystal Tsosie

Correction: This episode was updated on July 27, 2022, to accurately characterize Dr. Charles Eastman’s academic milestone.In 1890, Dr. Charles Eastman became one of the first Native people to graduate from medical school in the United States. Today, one of his descendants, Victor Lopez-Carmen, is a third-year student at Harvard Medical School. He described feeling isolated there.“I did feel alone. There wasn't any Native person around me I could turn to,” said Lopez-Carmen.Less than 1% of medical students in the United States identify as American Indian or Alaska Native. That’s according to a 2018 <a href="https://store.aamc.org/downloadable/download/link/id/MC4yNjczODgwMCAxNjU1NzUwNjMyMTM5MDA3NTc3MTQ1OTEwMzI%2C#page=10">report</a> from the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Association of American Indian Physicians. Lopez-Carmen is working to change that. In 2021, he co-founded the <a href="https://www.the-flip.org/opp">Ohiyesa Premedical Program</a>, which provides mentorship and support to Native American students as they navigate the medical school application process.While Lopez-Carmen is mentoring future medical students in Boston, in Oklahoma, Ashton Glover Gatewood has found community at the first medical school in the United States affiliated with a Native tribe. Gatewood attends Oklahoma State University <a href="https://medicine.okstate.edu/cherokee/leadership.html">College of Osteopathic Medicine</a> at the Cherokee Nation. “I told my husband about it, and he said, ‘That sounds like they're building you a medical school. You have to go,’" Gatewood said.  She’s noticed a “momentum” in medical training that she said could one day lessen the health care disparities Indigenous people experience. Episode 9 explores the barriers Indigenous people face to becoming physicians and includes the stories of two medical students working to join the ranks of Indigenous health care workers in the U.S.  <a href="https://khn.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/08/ADXs4e9-TRANSCRIPT.pdf">Click here for a transcript of the episode.</a>Voices from the Episode: <ul><li>Victor Lopez-Carmen — <a href="https://twitter.com/vlocarmen">Twitter</a> — Student at Harvard Medical School</li><li>Mary Owen – Director, Center of American Indian and Minority Health at the University of Minnesota; President, Association of American Indian Physicians</li><li>Ashton Glover Gatewood — <a href="https://twitter.com/AshtonGatewoo10">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.instagram.com/overgatesthruwoods/">Instagram</a> — Student at Oklahoma State University <a href="https://medicine.okstate.edu/cherokee/leadership.html">College of Osteopathic Medicine</a> at the Cherokee Nation</li></ul>Season 4 of “American Diagnosis” is a co-production of <a href="https://khn.org/">KHN</a> and <a href="https://www.justhumanproductions.org/">Just Human Productions</a>.Our Editorial Advisory Board includes <a href="https://twitter.com/jourdanbb?lang=en">Jourdan Bennett-Begaye</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/alastairbitsoi">Alastair Bitsóí</a>, and <a href="https://twitter.com/cherokee_editor?lang=en">Bryan Pollard</a>.To hear all KHN podcasts, <a href="https://khn.org/news/tag/podcast/">click here</a>.Listen and follow “American Diagnosis” on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/american-diagnosis-with-dr-celine-gounder/id1282044849?uo=4">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/7BjGC9R0cmosRQtPBJigVT">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9hdElURmgxcQ==">Google</a>, or <a href="https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/dr-celine-gounder/in-sickness-and-in-health">Stitcher</a>.

<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Correction:&lt;/strong&gt; This episode was updated on July 27, 2022, to accurately characterize Dr. Charles Eastman’s academic milestone.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 1890, Dr. Charles Eastman became one of the first Native people to graduate from medical school in the United States. Today, one of his descendants, Victor Lopez-Carmen, is a third-year student at Harvard Medical School. He described feeling isolated there.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“I did feel alone. There wasn't any Native person around me I could turn to,” said Lopez-Carmen.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Less than 1% of medical students in the United States identify as American Indian or Alaska Native. That’s according to a 2018 &lt;a href="https://store.aamc.org/downloadable/download/link/id/MC4yNjczODgwMCAxNjU1NzUwNjMyMTM5MDA3NTc3MTQ1OTEwMzI%2C#page=10"&gt;report&lt;/a&gt; from the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Association of American Indian Physicians. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lopez-Carmen is working to change that. In 2021, he co-founded the &lt;a href="https://www.the-flip.org/opp"&gt;Ohiyesa Premedical Program&lt;/a&gt;, which provides mentorship and support to Native American students as they navigate the medical school application process.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While Lopez-Carmen is mentoring future medical students in Boston, in Oklahoma, Ashton Glover Gatewood has found community at the first medical school in the United States affiliated with a Native tribe. Gatewood attends Oklahoma State University &lt;a href="https://medicine.okstate.edu/cherokee/leadership.html"&gt;College of Osteopathic Medicine&lt;/a&gt; at the Cherokee Nation. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“I told my husband about it, and he said, ‘That sounds like they're building you a medical school. You have to go,’" Gatewood said.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;She’s noticed a “momentum” in medical training that she said could one day lessen the health care disparities Indigenous people experience. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Episode 9 explores the barriers Indigenous people face to becoming physicians and includes the stories of two medical students working to join the ranks of Indigenous health care workers in the U.S.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://khn.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/08/ADXs4e9-TRANSCRIPT.pdf"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Click here for a transcript of the episode.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Voices from the Episode: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Victor Lopez-Carmen&lt;/strong&gt; — &lt;a href="https://twitter.com/vlocarmen"&gt;Twitter&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;—&lt;i&gt; Student at Harvard Medical School&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mary Owen&lt;/strong&gt; – &lt;i&gt;Director, Center of American Indian and Minority Health at the University of Minnesota; President, Association of American Indian Physicians&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ashton Glover Gatewood&lt;/strong&gt; — &lt;a href="https://twitter.com/AshtonGatewoo10"&gt;Twitter&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://www.instagram.com/overgatesthruwoods/"&gt;Instagram&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;—&lt;i&gt; Student at Oklahoma State University &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://medicine.okstate.edu/cherokee/leadership.html"&gt;&lt;i&gt;College of Osteopathic Medicine&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; at the Cherokee Nation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Season 4 of “American Diagnosis” is a co-production of &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://khn.org/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;KHN&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; and &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.justhumanproductions.org/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Just Human Productions&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Our Editorial Advisory Board includes &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/jourdanbb?lang=en"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jourdan Bennett-Begaye&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/alastairbitsoi"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Alastair Bitsóí&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, and &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/cherokee_editor?lang=en"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bryan Pollard&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;To hear all KHN podcasts, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://khn.org/news/tag/podcast/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;click here&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Listen and follow “American Diagnosis” on &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/american-diagnosis-with-dr-celine-gounder/id1282044849?uo=4"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apple Podcasts&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/7BjGC9R0cmosRQtPBJigVT"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Spotify&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9hdElURmgxcQ=="&gt;&lt;i&gt;Google&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, or &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/dr-celine-gounder/in-sickness-and-in-health"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stitcher&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>

A lack of Native physicians means many tribal communities rely on doctors who don’t share their lived experience, culture, or spiritual beliefs. In Episode 9, meet two medical students working to join the ranks of Indigenous physicians.

S4E9 / Two Paths, Two Future Physicians / Ashton Glover Gatewood, Victor Lopez-Carmen, Mary Owen

Abby Abinanti is chief judge of the <a href="https://yuroktribalcourt.org/">Yurok Tribal Court</a> and a member of the tribe. While previously working in the California court system, she was discouraged and angered by the number of cases in which Indigenous families were separated or tribal members were removed from their communities because of nontribal <a href="https://www.potawatomi.org/blog/2021/04/06/disproportionate-representation-of-native-americans-in-foster-care-across-united-states/">foster care</a> placements or incarceration. The Prison Policy Initiative, a research and advocacy organization, found that Native people <a href="https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2021/10/08/indigenouspeoplesday/">are overrepresented</a> in jails in the United States.Abinanti said the Yurok Tribal Court is helping to address these disparities. The court is one of <a href="https://www.bia.gov/CFRCourts/tribal-justice-support-directorate">roughly 400</a> operated by federally recognized tribes in the United States. These courts reflect the values of their communities, and Abinanti said for the Yurok that means prioritizing restoration over punishment.“I don't think any human being is disposable,” she said. “Our system is designed to help you return to the community and be an asset in the community.” Episode 8 explores the intergenerational impact of historical traumas on the Yurok people and a local tribal court’s work to meet community needs.<a href="https://khn.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/07/ADXs4e8-TRANSCRIPT.pdf">Click here for a transcript of the episode.</a>Voices from the Episode: <ul><li>Abby Abinanti –Chief judge, Yurok Tribal Court</li><li>Ursula Running Bear  – Assistant professor of public health at the University of North Dakota</li><li>Blythe George – Assistant professor of sociology at University of California-Merced</li></ul>Season 4 of “American Diagnosis” is a co-production of KHN and <a href="https://www.justhumanproductions.org/">Just Human Productions</a>.Our Editorial Advisory Board includes <a href="https://twitter.com/jourdanbb?lang=en">Jourdan Bennett-Begaye</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/alastairbitsoi">Alastair Bitsóí</a>, and <a href="http://@cherokee_editor">Bryan Pollard</a>.To hear all KHN podcasts, <a href="https://khn.org/news/tag/podcast/">click here</a>.Listen and follow “American Diagnosis” on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/american-diagnosis-with-dr-celine-gounder/id1282044849?uo=4">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/7BjGC9R0cmosRQtPBJigVT">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9hdElURmgxcQ==">Google</a>, or <a href="https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/dr-celine-gounder/in-sickness-and-in-health">Stitcher</a>.

<description>&lt;p&gt;Abby Abinanti is chief judge of the &lt;a href="https://yuroktribalcourt.org/"&gt;Yurok Tribal Court&lt;/a&gt; and a member of the tribe. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While previously working in the California court system, she was discouraged and angered by the number of cases in which Indigenous families were separated or tribal members were removed from their communities because of nontribal &lt;a href="https://www.potawatomi.org/blog/2021/04/06/disproportionate-representation-of-native-americans-in-foster-care-across-united-states/"&gt;foster care&lt;/a&gt; placements or incarceration. The Prison Policy Initiative, a research and advocacy organization, found that Native people &lt;a href="https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2021/10/08/indigenouspeoplesday/"&gt;are overrepresented&lt;/a&gt; in jails in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Abinanti said the Yurok Tribal Court is helping to address these disparities. The court is one of &lt;a href="https://www.bia.gov/CFRCourts/tribal-justice-support-directorate"&gt;roughly 400&lt;/a&gt; operated by federally recognized tribes in the United States. These courts reflect the values of their communities, and Abinanti said for the Yurok that means prioritizing restoration over punishment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“I don't think any human being is disposable,” she said. “Our system is designed to help you return to the community and be an asset in the community.” &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Episode 8 explores the intergenerational impact of historical traumas on the Yurok people and a local tribal court’s work to meet community needs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://khn.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/07/ADXs4e8-TRANSCRIPT.pdf"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Click here for a transcript of the episode.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Voices from the Episode: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abby Abinanti&lt;/strong&gt; –&lt;i&gt;Chief judge, Yurok Tribal Court&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ursula Running Bear&lt;/strong&gt;  – &lt;i&gt;Assistant professor of public health at the University of North Dakota&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Blythe George&lt;/strong&gt; – &lt;i&gt;Assistant professor of sociology at University of California-Merced&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Season 4 of “American Diagnosis” is a co-production of KHN and &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.justhumanproductions.org/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Just Human Productions&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Our Editorial Advisory Board includes &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/jourdanbb?lang=en"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jourdan Bennett-Begaye&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/alastairbitsoi"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Alastair Bitsóí&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, and &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="http://@cherokee_editor"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bryan Pollard&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;To hear all KHN podcasts, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://khn.org/news/tag/podcast/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;click here&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Listen and follow “American Diagnosis” on &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/american-diagnosis-with-dr-celine-gounder/id1282044849?uo=4"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apple Podcasts&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/7BjGC9R0cmosRQtPBJigVT"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Spotify&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9hdElURmgxcQ=="&gt;&lt;i&gt;Google&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, or &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/dr-celine-gounder/in-sickness-and-in-health"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stitcher&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>

Indigenous people in the United States face disproportionately high rates of incarceration and family separation through the foster care system. Episode 8 explores the Yurok Tribal Court’s efforts to keep families together.

S4E8 / Tribal Values, Tribal Justice / Abby Abinanti, Ursula Running Bear, Blythe George

“American Diagnosis” is a conversation about some of the biggest public health challenges across the United States, with insights on topics from teen mental health to opioids and gun violence highlighting the voices of experts and people on the ground working for the health of their communities.

AMERICAN DIAGNOSIS with Dr. Céline Gounder

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