131: The Plot Against Democracy

DEC 28, 2022328 MIN

131: The Plot Against Democracy

DEC 28, 2022328 MIN

Description

In July 1933, two mysterious men approached one of the most decorated soldiers in American history with what initially appeared to be a simple proposal. He didn’t know it at the time, but Major General Smedley Butler, whose prominent career mirrored the rise of the American Empire, was being recruited into a sordid plan to overthrow President Franklin Roosevelt, and bring fascism to the United States. In this episode, take a deep look at the rise and expansion of Imperial America, and the time we came within a hair’s breadth of losing democracy.Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/HiddnHistoryPod">Link</a> Patreon: <a href="https://www.patreon.com/hiddenhistorypod">Link</a>Shirts and more: <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/shop/ap/38859851">Link</a>Sources and Further ReadingBooksThe Plot to Seize the White House, by Jules Archer: <a href="https://ia802702.us.archive.org/22/items/pdfy-17F0BVXrHcyQbghI/The%20Plot%20To%20Seize%20The%20White%20House.pdf">Link</a>Gangsters of Capitalism: Smedley Butler, the Marines, and the Making and Breaking of America’s Empire, by Jonathan Katz: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?dq=%22la%20luz%20y%20los%20angeles%20gold%20mine%22&hl=en&id=NQwqEAAAQBAJ&lpg=PT87&ots=jKQ7Jzxu3_&pg=PT87&sa=X&sig=ACfU3U1-E2WmyESLDLDmd9_fEGt0Y1u-SA&source=bl&ved=2ahUKEwjh38y4hsf6AhUwMlkFHSp-D7QQ6AF6BAgcEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false">Link</a>Maverick Marine: General Smedley D. Butler and the Contradictions of American Military History: <a href="http://coat.ncf.ca/our_magazine/links/53/butler03-by_schmidt.html">Link</a>WebsitesMcKinley and the Spanish-American War: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27552563">Link</a>The Signaling at Cuzco Well: <a href="https://www.spanamwar.com/cranequickaccount">Link</a>Marine Lieutenant Colonel Robert W. Huntington to Marine Colonel Charles Heywood, 6/17/1898: <a href="https://www.history.navy.mil/research/publications/documentary-histories/united-states-navy-s/naval-operations-gua/marine-lieutenant-co.html">Link</a>Battle of Manila Bay, 1 May 1898: <a href="https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/b/battle-of-manila-bay-1-may-1898.html">Link</a>Theodore Roosevelt, “The Strenuous Life” (10 April 1899): <a href="https://voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu/roosevelt-strenuous-life-1899-speech-text/">Link</a>Theodore Roosevelt: Confident Imperialist: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1405440">Link</a>Review: Not so Benevolent Assimilation: The Philippine-American War: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2702307#:~:text=Miller's%20%22Benevolent%20Assimilation%2C%22%20the,and%20right%20for%20arbitrary%20rule.%22">Link</a>McKinley's Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation: <a href="https://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/benevolent.html">Link</a>The Insular Cases: A Comparative Historical Study of Puerto Rico, Hawai‘i, and the Philippines: <a href="https://www.fedbar.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/feature3-marapr2011-pdf-1.pdf">Link</a>ASKS GEN. BUTLER TO EXPLAIN SPEECH; Secretary Adams Calls for a Full Report on His References to Nicaraguan Policy. NAVY OFFICIALS SILENT Stimson Also Refuses Comment on the General's Reputed Remarks at Pittsburgh Dec. 5.: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/12/15/archives/asks-gen-butler-to-explain-speech-secretary-adams-calls-for-a-full.html">Link</a>Mark Twain, To the Person Sitting in Darkness: <a href="http://xroads.virginia.edu/~DRBR/sitting.html">Link</a>Gunboat USS Petrel: <a href="https://www.spanamwar.com/petrel">Link</a>Gunboat Callao: <a href="https://www.spanamwar.com/callao.htm">Link</a>The Opium Wars in China: <a href="https://asiapacificcurriculum.ca/learning-module/opium-wars-china">Link</a>Yellow River Floods, Los Angeles Herald, Volume 26, Number 48, 17 November 1898: <a href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=LAH18981117.2.66&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1">Link</a>Great Flood of the Huang-Ho River: <a href="https://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/great-flood-huang-ho-river">Link</a>Wilhelm II: "Hun Speech" (1900): <a href="https://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=755">Link</a>Mahan, a “Place in the Sun,” and Germany's Quest for Sea Power: <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247512287_Mahan_a_Place_in_the_Sun_and_Germany's_Quest_for_Sea_Power">Link</a>The Liscum Bowl: <a href="https://history.army.mil/museums/artifacts/0004_liscumBowl.html">Link</a>General Jacob H. Smith & the Philippine War’s Samar Campaign: <a href="https://sciotohistorical.org/items/show/109#:~:text=At%20the%20beginning%20of%20the,it%20will%20please%20me.%20%E2%80%A6.">Link</a>The Water Cure: <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/02/25/the-water-cure">Link</a>The Lobby- The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870-1914: <a href="https://erenow.net/modern/thepathbetweentheseas/11.php">Link</a>Hepburn Suspects a Plot to Delay Building Canal: <a href="https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=SPS19020111-01.2.5&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------">Link</a>Bunau-Varilla, Russia, and the Panama Canal: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/175019">Link</a>The Strange Affair of the Taking of the Panama Canal Zone: <a href="https://www.americanheritage.com/strange-affair-taking-panama-canal-zone">Link</a>USS Nashville (PG 7) and the Building of the Panama Canal: <a href="https://hamptonroadsnavalmuseum.blogspot.com/2015/09/uss-nashville-pg-7-and-building-of.html">Link</a>A Roundtable on John M. Thompson, Great Power Rising: Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of U.S. Foreign Policy: <a href="https://www.shafr.org/sites/default/files/passport-09-2019-thompson.pdf">Link</a>The New Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2186730">Link</a>Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1907-1908: <a href="https://immigrationhistory.org/item/gentlemens-agreement/">Link</a>Hemispheric Orientalism and the 1907 Pacific Coast Race Riots: <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.17953/amer.33.2.y263745731125524?journalCode=ramj20">Link</a>Museum of the City of San Francisco, Japanese and Korean Exclusion League- 1906: <a href="http://www.sfmuseum.org/1906.2/invasion.html">Link</a>Merchants, Mining, and Concessions on Nicaragua's Mosquito Coast: Reassessing the American Presence, 1893-1912: <a href="https://auspace.athabascau.ca/bitstream/handle/2149/638/Merchants%2C%20Mining%2C%20and%20Concessions%20on%20Nicaragua%27s%20Mosquito%20Coast_%20Reassessin.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Link</a>American Policy in Nicaragua- Dawson Agreements—Brown Brothers Loan: <a href="https://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre1927011000">Link</a>A Note on the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty and German Interest in a Nicaraguan Canal, 1914: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25612109">Link</a>Riot at Cocoa Grove, Panama City, July 4, 1912: <a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1915/ch101subch1">Link</a>The Wilson Administration and Panama, 1913-1921: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/165110">Link</a>The Minister of the Netherlands to the Secretary of State- Determining Indemnities Owed to the United States by Panama: <a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1916/d1279">Link</a>CANAL IS OPENED BY WILSON'S FINGER; Gamboa Dike Blown Away as President in Washington Presses Button.: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1913/10/11/archives/canal-is-opened-by-wilsons-finger-gamboa-dike-blown-away-as.html">Link</a>U.S. ambassador plots against Mexican president, Feb. 16, 1913: <a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2019/02/16/taft-ambassador-mexico-1913-1169555">Link</a>Henry Lane Wilson and the Overthrow of Madero: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42866819">Link</a>El Porfiriato (1877-1911): <a href="https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38571568/FCE_Historia_de_Mexico_pp_209-225-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1665416554&Signature=HFt-anFNSXso4Tv44hfxKePiPx5-l54a8tTZng6hYGsGePUNMJshAZgBzpSyrN8E8Lo6NfX9e0xWNq-~ixG4nh4fcoD~UGYvBgcn2tE8Ojq3-rWmzjurmuRa01IBDSXoJWpYThcU4XbPHylzXq5Zr49kD4n0kqhVjPexb7mC1e8b4B9l-H4UlAdHRgidXg~sjgrPr~2fCgBEM0suDMyvMw-Sbbb7kkuYsRUU8chVoUeZXFv9FGGD7Sy2siPczCH9tIAy~q6JRk7zXtSDzt-obdT7J~0znEuCEpPx4zhqmjggw4cAGD9l2bVNc-uVLrwJTUbobZT3JEP1roS1H~22xA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA">Link</a>The structural evolution of the Golden Lane, Tampico embayment, Mexico: <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230349612_The_structural_evolution_of_the_Golden_Lane_Tampico_embayment_Mexico">Link</a>Oil and Revolution in Mexico- Chapter 2: The Great Mexican Oil Boom: <a href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft3q2nb28s&chunk.id=d0e4183&toc.depth=100&toc.id=d0e2803&brand=ucpress">Link</a>Mr. De In Mexico: <a href="https://drillers.com/mr-de-in-mexico/">Link</a>Address to a Joint Session of Congress on the Tampico Incident: <a href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/address-joint-session-congress-the-tampico-incident">Link</a>April 20, 1914: Message Regarding Tampico Incident: <a href="https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/april-20-1914-message-regarding-tampico-incident">Link</a>TWE Remembers: The Tampico Incident: <a href="https://www.cfr.org/blog/twe-remembers-tampico-incident">Link</a>The Banana Wars: United States Intervention in the Caribbean, 1898–1934: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AQV4AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=%22Carranza+may+not+have+fulfilled+the+social+goals+of+the+revolution,+but+he+kept+the+gringos+out+of+Mexico+City%22&source=bl&ots=dzPccYpG5P&sig=ACfU3U0aHcidCqEkft9IXIcuRmmQZ7OzwQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9uJmSjeD6AhX5GFkFHcaTCNgQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Carranza%20may%20not%20have%20fulfilled%20the%20social%20goals%20of%20the%20revolution%2C%20but%20he%20kept%20the%20gringos%20out%20of%20Mexico%20City%22&f=false">Link</a>'Take Veracruz at Once'- USNI: <a href="https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2014/march/take-veracruz-once">Link</a>The Battle of Veracruz and the Medal of Honor: <a href="https://mohmuseum.org/the-battle-of-veracruz-and-the-medal-of-honor/">Link</a>How the U.S. Came to Dominate Haiti: Seizing the Gold: <a href="https://haitiliberte.com/how-the-u-s-came-to-dominate-haiti-seizing-the-gold/">Link</a>Invade Haiti, Wall Street Urged. The U.S. Obliged.: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/20/world/haiti-wall-street-us-banks.html">Link</a>'The Greatest Heist In History': How Haiti Was Forced To Pay Reparations For Freedom: <a href="https://www.northcountrypublicradio.org/news/npr/1042518732/quot-the-greatest-heist-in-history-quot-how-haiti-was-forced-to-pay-reparations-for-freedom">Link</a>How the U.S. Came to Dominate Haiti: Military Occupation: <a href="https://haitiliberte.com/how-the-u-s-came-to-dominate-haiti-military-occupation/">Link</a>HAITI, SMEDLEY BUTLER, AND THE RISE OF AMERICAN EMPIRE: <a href="https://theintercept.com/2022/01/22/deconstructed-haiti-smedley-butler-marine-book/">Link</a>Freedom and Sovereignty: Notes on 1826 Haitian Rural Code: <a href="https://globalhistory.org.uk/2021/04/freedom-and-sovereignty/">Link</a>The U.S. Occupation of Haiti, 1915-1934: <a href="https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/19940526_94-459_944aec5979ade3ff37b1abb7f44ed2aab96d4383.pdf">Link</a>Americans and Chinese Communists, 1927–1945: A Persuading Encounter: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctvr697x0">Link</a>1927: 'China Marines' in Shanghai (photo): <a href="https://tucson.com/news/1927-china-marines-in-shanghai/image_81cf23a7-9403-5092-831a-48c74bfa4878.html">Link</a>Smedley D. Butler and Prohibition Enforcement in Philadelphia, 1924-1925: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20089312">Link</a>The Machine, the Mayor, and the Marine:The Battle over Prohibition in Philadelphia, 1924–1925: <a href="https://scholarlypublishingcollective.org/psup/pa-history/article-abstract/82/2/109/248015/The-Machine-the-Mayor-and-the-Marine-The-Battle">Link</a>General Butler Cleans Up: <a href="https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/natmnr13&div=96&id=&page=">Link</a>BUTLER NEAR BLOWS WITH A MAGISTRATE; Former Wants Philadelphia Ritz-Carlten Patrons to Tell About Liquor Seizure.: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1925/01/11/archives/butler-near-blows-with-a-magistrate-former-wants-philadelphia.html">Link</a>An Alternative to Kuomintang—Communist Collaboration: Sun Yat-sen and Hong Kong, January–June 1923: <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/abs/an-alternative-to-kuomintangcommunist-collaboration-sun-yatsen-and-hong-kong-januaryjune-1923/2FB0B2B9ADAB8F818DB93A369ED2D3FE">Link</a>The Nationalist Party in Power: Unification of China Under Kuomintang Programs: <a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-010-3443-2_5">Link</a>The Birth of Communist Party and Soviet Constitution between China and Hungary: <a href="https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/jeuhisl8&div=48&id=&page=">Link</a>Soviet Diplomacy and the First United Front in China: <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/009770049502100403">Link</a>Before and After the May Fourth Movement: <a href="http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/special/china_1750_mayfourth.htm">Link</a>Principles and Profits: Standard Oil Responds to Chinese Nationalism, 1925-1927: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3638166">Link</a>SS PRESIDENT MCKINLEY Painting: <a href="https://pugetmaritime.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/75276EA3-0ECA-4CC5-8B37-499621701564">Link</a>December 7, 1929, Buffalo Courier-Express, Author Asks for Senate Quiz of Butler's Speech; Sinclair Lewis says general confirmed charges against marines in Haiti, Nicaragua: <a href="https://stevenwarran.blogspot.com/2014/03/december-7-1929-buffalo-courier-express.html">Link</a>A Mussolini Alfa Romeo Mystery: <a href="https://velocetoday.com/a-mussolini-mystery/">Link</a>Interview with E.Z. Dimitman, June 23, 1982: <a href="https://kentuckyoralhistory.org/ark:/16417/xt7stq5rbw7q">Link</a>Bonus Army- Oregon Encyclopedia: <a href="https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/bonus_army/#.Y6CDw3bMK00">Link</a>Walter W. Waters, Commander of the Bonus Expeditionary Force: <a href="https://digital.library.illinois.edu/items/b9886630-0d92-0135-23f6-0050569601ca-c#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&r=0&xywh=-1750%2C0%2C4848%2C1931">Link</a>Fox Movietone News Collection- Butler addresses demonstration--outtakes: <a href="https://digital.tcl.sc.edu/digital/collection/MVTN/id/6676/rec/5">Link</a>Smedley Butler’s fiery speech to World War I veterans is still relevant today: <a href="https://taskandpurpose.com/news/marine-medal-of-honor-smedley-butler-bonus-army/">Link</a>Bonus Expeditionary Forces March on Washington- National Park Service: <a href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/bonus-expeditionary-forces-march-on-washington.htm#:~:text=Taking%20up%20the%20veterans'%20cause,bonus%20payment%20to%20WWI%20veterans.">Link</a>Zangara's Attempted Assassination of Franklin D. Roosevelt: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30145621">Link</a>Roosevelt's Gold Program: <a href="https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/roosevelts-gold-program">Link</a>War Is A Racket (1935) Full Text: <a href="https://www.ratical.org/ratville/CAH/warisaracket.html">Link</a>The American Legion 15th National Convention: official program, 1933: <a href="https://archive.legion.org/node/8064">Link</a>He Put the Funds in Our Foundation: How Robert Sterling Clark Got His Money: <a href="https://www.rsclark.org/blog/2019/11/7/he-put-the-funds-in-our-foundation-how-robert-sterling-clark-got-his-money">Link</a>“Every Citizen a Sentinel! Every Home a Sentry Box!” The Sentinels of the Republic and the Gendered Origins of Free-Market Conservatism: <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-american-history/article/every-citizen-a-sentinel-every-home-a-sentry-box-the-sentinels-of-the-republic-and-the-gendered-origins-of-freemarket-conservatism/4C7E9F53241A217E06BE7D69324AB623">Link</a>Gerald L. K. Smith: Minister of Hate: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=NvZabkDqcMoC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=gerald+lk+smith&ots=7w8JumRsMt&sig=pMhZnGGJ-L1K42CjO8FNd0QDlaI#v=onepage&q=gerald%20lk%20smith&f=false">Link</a>The National Committee to Uphold Constitutional Government, 1937-1941: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1890849">Link</a>The Nye Revelations: <a href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/12f750894a7f9a61782fe3ead3756180/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1819338">Link</a>FDR and the Nye Committee: A Reassessment: <a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315291857-4/fdr-nye-committee-reassessment-matthew-ware-coulter">Link</a>Frantz Fanon, Concerning Violence: <a href="http://hyle.mobi/Reading_Groups/Concerning%20Violence,%20Frantz%20Fanon/">Link</a>