In this chapter of Secret History of Israel/Palestine, we look how the small urban elite stole much of region’s land from it’s rightful peasant owners, turning them from an independent tribal peasantry, into a class of impoverished, indebted tenants on their own land.   These events set the stage for much of the conflict to come between Zionists and the majority fellahin class.   We also look at the 19th century origins of Palestinian identity, and early stirrings of proto Arab nationalism.   TO SUPPORT MY EXISTENCE: PAYPAL ONE TIME OR MONTHLY DONATIONS PATREON PER EPISODE DONATIONS KO-FI ONE TIME OR MONTHLY DONATIONS TRANSCRIPT  BIBLIOGRAPHY / WORKS CITED VIDEO VERSION (includes high entertainment val-u memes) RSS FEED tweeter: @worbsintowords ALL MUSIC BY STARSIXNINE 0:00 Hello fellow kids 1:59 The Tanzimat: the great 19thC reform programme 3:29 Political reform: disenfranchisement of the fellahin 7:21 Land reform: theft of the fellahin’s land 10:00 My horse!  My money! 14:35 From tribal peasants and sheikhs to capitalist tenants and landlords 18:37 The underlying philosophy of “What is Politics?” 20:16 The Nobility, Clergy, Bourgeoisie, Financier and Professional classes, all rolled into one 22:17 Patrons and clients in unequal societies 32:21 Who were the Ay’an? 38:08 The middle class 39:25 19th century Palestine as a backwater in decline 46:51 Palestinian identity 52:59 National identity vs political consciousness 56:234 Palestinian identity continued 59:12 South Syrians? 1:00:33 The 19th Century origin of Palestinian identity among urban classes and Christians 1:06:41 Democratic reform and the 1876 constitution 1:07:47 Islamic arguments for democracy 1:09:21 Abdülhamid II shuts down the parliament and constitution 1:10:37 Proto-Arab-nationalism 1:11:54 Next time on Secret History of Israel/Palestine 1:12:48 Gimme, seeya! https://archive.org/download/12.3-tanzimat/12.3%20-%20TANZIMAT.mp3