In this episode of the Flex Diet Podcast, I’m joined by my good friend Dr. Eric Trexler, exercise scientist, educator, and Director of Education at Stronger by Science, for a wide-ranging, no-BS conversation on what physiology actually looks like in the real world.We dig into beetroot juice, nitric oxide, and “pump” supplements, why the blood-flow story is usually oversold, and why neuromuscular function and calcium handling may matter far more than chasing a swollen muscle. We also talk about why most supplement mechanisms sound great on paper… and quietly fall apart once you look at healthy humans who already function pretty well.From there, the conversation expands into human variability, elite athletic outliers, and why normal distributions actually guarantee that “freaks” exist — whether people are comfortable admitting it or not. We also unpack NEAT, energy expenditure, and why exercise doesn’t scale linearly for fat loss, including how the body aggressively manages its energy budget when stress or activity gets too high.If you care about performance, body composition, or just understanding how the human system really works, this episode will recalibrate a lot of assumptions.Sponsors:LMNT: http://drinklmnt.com/mikenelson (automatically applied at checkout)Fitness Insider Newsletter: https://miketnelson.com/Shiftwave: https://shiftwave.co/drmiketnelsonEpisode Chapters:05:01 Diving into Beet Root and Nitrate Research05:58 Mechanisms and Effects of Nitrate Supplements10:14 Challenges and Insights in Supplement Research34:19 Elite Athletes and Physiological Variability43:16 Debating the Value of Outliers in Research44:38 The Importance of Studying Rare Genetic Conditions45:46 Challenges in Grant Writing for Rare Conditions47:39 Blood Flow and Muscle Performance49:14 The Science Behind Muscle Pumps and Hypertrophy56:09 Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity58:02 The Non-Linear Relationship Between Activity and Energy Intake01:01:28 Exercise, Appetite, and Weight Management01:14:19 Balancing Cardio and Strength Training for Optimal Health01:21:14 Closing Remarks and Resources Episodes You Might Enjoy:Episode 352: Dr. Dan Pardi on Stem Cells, Supplements, and the Future of Health with QualiaYouTube: https://youtu.be/8EZcHy_7wK8?si=aNGzT-abP9xbc6yUEpisode 343: Fueling the Corporate Athlete: Stress, Supplements & Performance with Dan HunterYouTube: https://youtu.be/0ek4XSs62RQ?si=czR_7q96jJDqXzcFConnect with Eric:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/trexlerfitnessGet In Touch with Dr Mike:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drmiketnelson/YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCn1aTbQqHglfNrENPm0GTpgEmail: https://miketnelson.com/contact-us/