Deep Dive: Exploring Organized Crime

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Episodes

Details

Winner of the 'Best Deep Dive Podcast' at the 2024 Publishers Podcast Awards, shortlisted three times for 'Best Investigative Podcast' and once for 'Best Video Podcast'. The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime brings you stories and investigations from the global criminal underworld. The topics covered by Deep Dive are far ranging, one episode could be looking at a hybrid paramilitary organized criminal cartel; the next could be the dismantling of an encrypted communications network; or the use of complex corporate structures to hide illicit activity; or the role organized crime has in the recycling industry. This podcast series demonstrates the wide ranging investigations and research carried out by the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime.

Recent Episodes

OCT 28, 2024

Colombia & Total Peace: Part 1 - "The ELN - The Easy Win"

Colombia is a country that has been racked by conflict for around 60 years - multiple armed groups and organized crime have waged war against each other and the state.

In 2016, after nearly seven years of negotiations, the FARC demobilized, creating a power vacuum that other groups, such as the National Liberation Army (ELN), Clan del Golfo, and FARC dissidents, quickly filled. Despite the FARC's exit, violence persisted, with cocaine production and illegal mining continuing unabated, leaving many communities under the control of criminal organizations.

In 2022, the President of Colombia Gustavo Petro brought forward new legislation, known as 'Total Peace'. This ambitious and wide ranging policy looks to negotiate with all criminal groups, whether they are politically minded, like the FARC were or organized crime. Why? To help reduce violence, in particularly homicides, but also to try a new approach to end these long-running conflicts.

One of the key players in these negotiations was the ELN, the oldest guerrilla group in the world. The Petro administration expressed optimism, claiming a peace agreement could be reached within three months of taking office. However, over two years later, those talks have stalled and ultimately collapsed, raising questions about the future of peace efforts in Colombia.

Speaker(s):

Juanita Durán-Vélez, Lawyer, Crime and Justice Lab, Colombia.

Kyle Johnson, Researcher & Academic Director of the Conflict Responses Foundation, Bogotá, Colombia

Felipe Botero Escobar, Head of Andean Regional Office, Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime

Links:

Andean Regional Office, Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime

Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime

Podcast & Article - Clan del Golfo: The fall of 'Otoniel': How Colombia's biggest drug lord was taken down.

The base research (Negotiating with Criminal Groups: Colombia´s Total Peace Policy) for this episode was initially developed and supported by Serious Organized Crime and Anticorruption Evidence research program.

Additional Links:

https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/colombia-recognizes-dissident-eln-faction-independent-organization-2024-05-08/

https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/colombias-illegal-armed-groups-grew-2023-secret-security-report-2024-05-07/

https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/colombia-peace/

https://www.latimes.com/world/mexico-americas/la-fg-colombia-farc-killings-20180605-story.html

https://www.statista.com/statistics/1265909/former-farc-members-killed-colombia/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcT51WTFlUM

https://www.abcolombia.org.uk/eln-peace-talks-timeline/

https://www.elcolombiano.com/colombia/guerra-entre-el-eln-y-las-disidencias-de-las-farc-en-arauca-MD16408859

https://english.elpais.com/international/2022-06-11/in-colombias-saravena-theres-no-theft-just-murder.html

https://insightcrime.org/news/insight-crime-2022-homicide-round-up/

https://insightcrime.org/news/is-the-ex-farc-mafia-betting-all-its-chips-on-the-colombian-venezuelan-border/

https://insightcrime.org/investigations/inviting-war-into-venezuela/

https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:8960/FARCdissidentColombia_FINAL.pdf

https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-59863553

https://www.elespectador.com/judicial/el-contratista-del-eln-article-838805/

https://insightcrime.org/news/eln-receiving-payments-companies-colombia/

https://newsradio.com.co/2019/02/investigan-si-el-eln-se-financio-con-recursos-publicos-del-departamento-de-arauca/

https://www.pulzo.com/nacion/financiacion-eln-arauca-PP640382

https://www.elespectador.com/noticias/judicial/el-contratista-del-eln-articulo-838805

https://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/delitos/facundo-castillo-detalles-del-caso-por-el-que-fue-capturado-por-fiscalia-626787

https://colombiareports.com/colombia-arrests-governor-on-corruption-terrorism-support-charges/

https://www.cgfm.mil.co/en/multimedia/noticias/army-and-prosecutors-office-carried-out-confiscation-right-domain-assets-ex

https://www.infobae.com/en/2022/04/21/they-impose-an-insurance-measure-on-the-former-governor-of-arauca-due-to-irregularities-with-the-pae/

https://www.eltiempo.com/unidad-investigativa/luis-diaz-un-vendedor-de-divisas-de-maicao-detras-del-secuestro-del-padre-del-jugador-825082

https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/colombia-eln-guerrillas-free-kidnapped-father-liverpool-soccer-star-diaz-source-2023-11-09/

https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/least-40-colombias-eln-rebels-seen-rejecting-peace-deal-security-sources-2023-09-22/

https://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/conflicto-y-narcotrafico/entrevista-a-pablo-beltran-del-eln-desde-cuba-sobre-regreso-a-colombia-317422

https://www.financecolombia.com/insight-crime-report-eln-has-beaten-ivan-duque-now-colombias-largest-criminal-threat/

https://verdadabierta.com/se-reanuda-formalmente-la-guerra-contra-el-eln/

https://x.com/JuanManSantos/status/1167053956255748097

https://colombiareports.com/police-identify-and-hunt-guerrilla-responsible-for-pablitos-escape/

https://colombiareports.com/arauca-prison-director-suspected-of-assisting-eln-leaders-escape/

https://colombiareports.com/eln-guerrilla-escapes-from-jail/

https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-6307429

https://www.fides.org/en/news/72782-AMERICA_COLOMBIA_The_testimony_of_Monsignor_Jaramillo_prophet_and_martyr_of_peace_is_always_alive_and_current

https://colombiareports.com/pablito-eln/

https://insightcrime.org/colombia-organized-crime-news/eln-profile/

https://www.seattletimes.com/business/worlds-oldest-guerrilla-force-revives-war-on-oil/

https://web.archive.org/web/20090302075901/http:/www.cyemh.org/resource/camilo.htm

https://www.britannica.com/topic/liberation-theology

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kU30QVJl8ac

https://thecitypaperbogota.com/news/petro-on-arauca-bombing-eln-practically-closes-peace-process-with-blood/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37W-nrGMB5U&t=18s

https://i0.wp.com/efe.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/rss-efe3d9924349b8c7efe16223eebbb9025ada2404bf0w.jpg?fit=1920%2C1080&ssl=1

https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/colombias-petro-says-eln-attack-practically-ends-peace-talks-2024-09-18/

https://llanera.com/dos-soldados-asesinados-por-el-eln-en-tame-arauca/26595

https://www.laopinion.co/sucesos/atacaron-unidad-militar-en-tame-arauca-reportan-dos-soldados-asesinados

https://insightcrime.org/news/eln-attack-destroys-chances-peace-strengthening-guerrilla-group/

https://x.com/OscuraColombia/status/1828154886862610855

https://maps.app.goo.gl/rUBZJfYcLSFYNGr47

https://thecitypaperbogota.com/news/colombian-army-confirms-eln-behind-oil-pipeline-attack-in-arauca/

https://www.elcolombiano.com/colombia/crisis-combustible-ataque-oleoducto-cano-limon-covenas-en-arauca-DN25286995

Disclaimer: SOC ACE is funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth, & Development Office. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the UK government’s official policy.

59 MIN

SEP 23, 2024

Borgata: Rise of Empire: A History of the American Mafia - Louis Ferrante - Underworlds with Mark Shaw

The History of the American Mafia: How the Mob Built Its Empire in the US, with Former Gambino Crime Family Associate, Louis Ferrante.

In this episode, Mark sits down with former Mob associate Louis Ferrante to discuss his book, Borgata: The Rise of Empire: A History of the American Mafia.

The history of the American Mafia, known as La Cosa Nostra or simply "The Mob," is well known. Prohibition in the United States during the Roaring Twenties saw the rise of characters who have since been mythologized in Hollywood: Charles "Lucky" Luciano and his close confidant Meyer Lansky, Al "Scarface" Capone, Arnold "The Brain" Rothstein, Dutch Schultz, Giuseppe "Joe the Boss" Masseria, and Salvatore Maranzano.

What makes Borgata different is that it was written by someone who lived "The Life," providing a unique perspective. Lou discusses the formation of The Commission, an underworld ruling council that controlled the Five Families of New York (now known as the Gambino, Genovese, Lucchese, Bonanno, and Colombo), The Outfit in Chicago, and the Philadelphia Mafia.

Lou talks about the rules, the use of violence, and how the US government looked to tackle the growing power of organized crime, spearheaded by the likes of prosecutor Thomas E. Dewey.

We also hear about Lou's own life in La Cosa Nostra and how he and his crew committed some of the most successful heists in US history, which ultimately landed him in prison.

In prison, he began to read everything he could get his hands on, including history, philosophy, and the great classics of literature. He never turned on his former associates, but when he left prison, he also left "The Life." Now he speaks about his experiences with the Mob and has become a successful author (Unlocked: A Journey from Prison to Proust), including his new a huge three-part history of the American Mafia.

In this episode, Mark and Lou discuss the first book, Borgata: The Rise of Empire: A History of the American Mafia.

====================================================

Louis Ferrante's book 'Borgata: The Rise of Empire: A History of the American Mafia' is available here: https://a.co/d/cDcxOQ2

Audible version: https://a.co/d/2VHu3Ht

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🎧WHY NOT TRY OUR OTHER PODCASTS:

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🎧The Index - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXSX1Xu1kM0uc_4CftGl8PrwHA3IK5WeI

===================================================

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76 MIN

SEP 16, 2024

TRAILER: Underworlds with Mark Shaw - Underworlds with Mark Shaw

Welcome to Underworlds with Mark Shaw.

Organized Crime is everywhere, hidden in plain sight. The stories from this world have been mythologised by Hollywood. But the reality can be even stranger and more exciting than fiction.

From the golden age of the American mafia (La Cosa Nostra), to the modern-day cocaine empires, and from the shadowy links between organized crime and terrorism, to the twilight of the Yakuza.

In this series Mark Shaw, the Director of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime delves into non-fiction books about organized crime and the illicit economy with the authors themselves. He asks questions about their background and investigations, but also the challenges associated in writing about this murky world.

2 MIN

JUL 24, 2024

Mohamed Amra and the gangs of Marseille

In May 2024, a prison van was attacked at a highway toll in Normandy, France. In dramatic footage shared on social media, a black SUV, driving the wrong direction, rammed into the prison van just as it went through the barriers. Then gunmen, dressed head-to-toe in black and armed with Kalashnikov rifles got out and started shooting at the van, killing two prison officers.

They opened the van and freed the prisoner, a man named Mohamed Amra, aka "The Fly", who escaped with the gunmen. There is now an Interpol Red Notice out for Amra.

The attack took place in broad daylight and sheds light on the dramatic increase in gang violence over the last few years in France. Mohamed Amra had connections to the city that has been at the forefront of this violence, Marseille, on the Mediterranean coast.

Speaker(s):

Iris Oustinoff Leroux, YPN Coordinator and Analyst, Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime

Links:

(GI article) France in the crossfire: Prisoner escapes in Normandy amid rise in organized crime

(GI Paper) Smoke on the horizon: Trends in arms trafficking from the conflict in Ukraine

(GI Article) The Western Balkans is still the criminals’ choice for weapons.

Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime

Global Organized Crime Index

Senate Report FAIT au nom de la commission d’enquête (1) sur l’impact du narcotrafic en France et les mesures à prendre pour y remédier,

Additional Links

https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/provence-alpes-cote-d-azur/bouches-du-rhone/marseille/reglements-de-comptes-a-marseille-huit-ans-de-prison-pour-une-fusillade-a-l-origine-de-l-ete-meurtrier-de-2021-2915706.html

https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/provence-alpes-cote-d-azur/bouches-du-rhone/marseille/il-y-a-un-regain-assez-important-de-la-violence-pourquoi-les-fusillades-se-multiplient-ces-dernieres-semaines-a-marseille-3005078.html

https://www.lyonne.fr/avallon-89200/actualites/jamilah-habsaoui-maire-d-avallon-en-sursis_14508004/

https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/narcotrafic-a-marseille-felix-bingui-le-chef-du-clan-yoda-accepte-detre-extrade-du-maroc-30-04-2024-STLZ2JCQTVBFVF4J7T626BXSCE.php

https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2024/05/362400/suspected-drug-dealer-arrested-in-morocco-agreed-on-extradition-to-france

https://www.bfmtv.com/marseille/info-bfmtv-l-extradition-de-felix-bingui-chef-presume-du-clan-marseillais-yoda-pourrait-prendre-entre-six-et-huit-mois_AN-202404010255.html

https://www.laprovence.com/article/faits-divers-justice/76954482590199/tuerie-du-kfc-a-marseille-kamel-meziani-condamne-a-30-annees-de-reclusion

https://www.lemonde.fr/police-justice/article/2023/02/11/le-narcotrafiquant-marseillais-kamel-meziani-condamne-a-trente-ans-de-reclusion-criminelle_6161379_1653578.html

https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/lutte-contre-les-narcotrafics-importante-operation-de-police-dans-le-quartier-de-la-castellane-a-marseille-20240318

https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/provence-alpes-cote-d-azur/fin-tour-k-symbole-cite-castellane-marseille-1731937.html

https://www.laprovence.com/article/faits-divers-justice/17784277478911/marseille-des-policiers-attaques-a-coup-de-cocktail-molotov-et-de-tirs-de-mortier

https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/faits-divers-justice/bilan-mitige-de-l-operation-place-nette-a-marseille-c-est-un-gros-coup-d-epee-dans-l-eau-2678660

https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240411-marseille-district-sees-weary-but-wary-relief-in-drug-crackdown

https://www.bfmtv.com/marseille/marseille-plus-de-500-mortiers-saisis-dans-les-quartiers-nord-a-l-approche-du-reveillon_AV-202312290592.html

https://actu.fr/provence-alpes-cote-d-azur/marseille_13055/video-marseille-les-images-d-un-face-a-face-violent-entre-police-et-gang-de-dealers_60308105.html

https://www.google.com/maps/@43.3657598,5.3413223,3a,55.6y,27.77h,92.57t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sfKg-EOZLQ1CLmILQAL987A!2e0!7i16384!8i8192?coh=205409&entry=ttu

https://www.google.com/maps/@43.3663096,5.341913,3a,75y,205.45h,80.31t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1seDmzdjbm3ZwBJKBDjGT8Sg!2e0!7i16384!8i8192?coh=205409&entry=ttu

https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/faits-divers-justice/macron-a-marseille-pour-lancer-une-operation-sans-precedent-contre-le-trafic-de-drogue-1973178

https://www.ft.com/content/11c65285-57dd-49f6-aaeb-82cd94221936

https://www.francetvinfo.fr/faits-divers/criminalite-a-marseille/info-francetv-une-arme-fabriquee-a-l-aide-d-une-imprimante-3d-retrouvee-apres-une-tentative-d-assassinat-a-marseille_6304755.html

https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20240210-police-in-marseille-bust-network-trafficking-in-3d-printed-weapons

https://news.sky.com/video/cache-of-3d-printed-guns-and-manufacturing-equipment-seized-in-france-13065857

https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/guerre-des-gangs-apres-yoda-comment-la-dz-mafia-sest-retrouvee-dans-les-mailles-de-la-police-12-03-2024-LEB6NALRNNCH5IU4XKOOEYJ2TU.php

https://time.com/how-europes-terrorists-get-their-guns/

https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN0TH0A2/

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34818994

https://x.com/rubnpulido/status/1790388865385001329/video/2

https://www.europol.europa.eu/crime-areas-and-trends/eu-policy-cycle-empact

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/06/03/teenage-hitmen-marseille-drugs-instagram/

https://timesofmalta.com/article/book-tells-the-history-of-lark-mirrors.120320

https://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/what-we-do/crime-threats/drug-trafficking/county-lines

https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2024/05/29/paris-2024-french-police-arrest-15-for-drug-trafficking-near-olympic-village_6673007_7.html

https://www.dw.com/en/the-gangs-of-marseille-drug-trafficking-in-the-south-of-france/a-65960877

https://www.euronews.com/2024/03/01/inside-marseilles-deadly-drug-wars-why-are-youths-killing-youths

https://www.tiktok.com/@lecastellas13015/video/7305725649581247777

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fSQkNhNQ3pk

https://www.tiktok.com/@lecastellas13015/video/7303990545527950624

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXrBOAKuWis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VB-EuIMJhno

https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/provence-alpes-cote-d-azur/bouches-du-rhone/marseille/flambee-des-reglements-de-comptes-a-marseille-depuis-le-debut-de-l-ete-2218306.html

https://www.google.com/maps/@43.3314688,5.4133432,3a,50y,349.55h,87.74t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sq0PuUdMIVn2RoquTbYweVw!2e0!7i16384!8i8192?coh=205409&entry=ttu

https://www.google.com/maps/@43.3320164,5.4130486,3a,75y,200.66h,74.99t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1st9owqf4YKoawLLpYDSS4Jg!2e0!7i16384!8i8192?coh=205409&entry=ttu

https://www.google.com/maps/@43.3283083,5.4057151,3a,75.4y,166.68h,79.76t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1shNY6Py44ViIaCk2MPJIOFw!2e0!7i16384!8i8192?coh=205409&entry=ttu

https://www.lefigaro.fr/marseille/les-dessous-d-un-reseau-de-trafic-de-drogue-marseillais-qui-realisait-50-000-euros-de-chiffre-d-affaires-quotidien-20240311

https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/le-vrai-visage-du-narco-banditisme-a-marseille-02-05-2016-5760745.php

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/01/we-are-seen-as-less-human-inside-marseilles-quartiers-that-the-police-have-abandoned

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-58395124

https://www.politico.eu/article/europe-drug-gangs-torture-rooms-arm-kids-kalashnikov-eu-agency-emcdda-warn/

https://www.thetimes.com/uk/law/article/murder-by-kalashnikov-the-drug-war-stalking-marseilles-75l77cjh8

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65664329

https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/08/18/marseille-s-increasingly-deadly-war-between-dz-mafia-and-yoda-two-drug-trafficking-networks_6097326_7.html

https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2022/07/21/in-corsica-the-mafia-has-taken-root-with-little-consequences_5990869_7.html

https://www.cairn-int.info/article-E_VIN_115_0089--the-french-connection-between-myths.htm

https://www.yahoo.com/news/mafia-operates-frances-corsica-tourists-064408707.html

https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2024/05/15/interpol-issues-red-notice-for-escaped-french-convict-mohamed-amra_6671555_7.html

https://www.lepoint.fr/societe/une-fusillade-a-evreux-fait-deux-morts-et-un-blesse-25-07-2023-2529431_23.php

https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/2-killed-in-drug-related-shooting-in-northern-france-4239250

https://www.equinoxmagazine.fr/2024/05/15/mohamed-amra-implique-dans-une-tentative-dassassinat-dun-francais-en-espagne/

https://news.sky.com/story/who-is-the-fly-the-french-prisoner-who-escaped-in-convoy-ambush-13135860

https://www.liberation.fr/societe/police-justice/menaces-achat-darmes-gestion-de-ses-activites-criminelles-ce-que-revelent-les-ecoutes-dans-la-cellule-de-mohamed-amra-20240523_E3BYYPSQHNCT3MH6PDQIGAXJOE/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQV6CijIzrc

https://www.france24.com/en/france/20240516-desire-to-kill-french-prison-van-attack-takes-drug-trafficking-fight-to-new-level-of-violence

https://uk.news.yahoo.com/two-people-killed-inmate-run-061200254.html

https://www.google.com/maps/@49.2454726,1.1840619,3a,75y,313.93h,93.15t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sOVJ380YVCaj81X1XGYo3Ag!2e0!7i16384!8i8192?coh=205409&entry=ttu

36 MIN

MAY 21, 2024

The Long Tail: Cross-Channel Migrant Smuggling (France to the UK)

On the 1st May 2024, 711 migrants successfully crossed the Channel between France and the UK in small boats. This year is so far on track to see the highest number of crossings on record.

This highly industrialised illicit industry estimated to be worth hundreds of millions of Euros, has seen the coast of northern France demarcated between competing gangs from a specific region of the Middle East, and who have a long history of smuggling.

They control the entire length of the route, from beginning to end - targeting prospective migrants through social media, offering package deals, and advice on how to speak to authorities on arrival. Some migrants even use their own knowledge of the trip to become smugglers themselves.

In this episode we take a look at the criminal groups behind the small boat crossings; how organised the logistics are; how much money they make and where it goes; and finally what this could mean for the future of other illicit economies in Western Europe.

Speaker(s):

Tuesday Reitano, Deputy Director of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, author of the book Migrant, Refugee, Smuggler, Saviour. Author of the report Small Boats, Big Business: The Industrialization of Cross-Channel Migrant Smuggling.

Julien Goudichaud, documentary filmmaker who has been reporting on people smugglers who operate in Calais.

Afshin Ismaeli, a journalist and war photographer from Norway.

Links:

(GI Paper) Small Boats, Big Business: The Industrialization of Cross-Channel Migrant Smuggling - available in English & French

(Book) Migrant, Refugee, Smuggler, Saviour

(GI Paper) The Human Conveyor Belt: Trends in human trafficking and smuggling in post-revolution Libya

(GI Analysis) An increasing number of Albanians are crossing the English Channel from France using small boats

(GI Analysis) Western Balkan criminal groups are important players in the Netherlands

Additional Links

https://calaismigrantsolidarity.wordpress.com/deaths-at-the-calais-border/

https://www.duvarenglish.com/illegal-networks-in-turkey-said-to-be-providing-fake-passports-to-isis-members-to-travel-to-west-news-60262

https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/16-arrests-vietnamese-network-smuggling-migrants-across-english-channel-busted

https://www.migrationwatchuk.org/channel-crossings-tracker

https://news.sky.com/story/more-than-700-people-cross-channel-in-busiest-day-of-the-year-so-far-13127430

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/migrants-detected-crossing-the-english-channel-in-small-boats

https://labour.org.uk/updates/stories/labours-immigration-and-border-policy-stop-small-boats/

https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-61782866

https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/five-high-value-targets-arrested-one-of-largest-networks-smuggling-migrants-across-english-channel-halted

https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/39-arrests-in-cross-border-operation-against-migrant-smuggling-in-small-boats-across-english-channel

https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20220923-france-busts-people-smugglers-accused-of-making-thousands-from-channel-crossings

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/16/decathlon-stops-canoe-sales-in-northern-france-to-curb-migrant-crossings

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/migrants-detected-crossing-the-english-channel-in-small-boats/migrants-detected-crossing-the-english-channel-in-small-boats-last-7-days

https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/50834/inside-frances-battle-against-migrant-smugglers-a-closer-look

https://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/news/convicted-the-east-london-money-launderer-who-took-payments-for-small-boats-crossings

https://www.facebook.com/NCA/videos/-arrest-footagea-man-investigated-by-the-nca-for-laundering-money-made-by-people/1573557123417557/

https://www.cps.gov.uk/cps/news/man-convicted-running-illegal-financial-service-people-smugglers

https://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/news/gang-leader-who-bragged-of-smuggling-more-than-100-women-into-uk-jailed-for-10-years

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/migrant-channel-crossings-europol-nca-arrests-b2116830.html

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-67145474

https://news.sky.com/video/former-landlady-of-hewa-rahimpur-says-she-is-in-shock-over-people-smuggling-allegations-12956583

https://news.sky.com/story/hewa-rahimpur-gang-leader-who-smuggled-up-to-10-000-migrants-across-channel-jailed-12986202

https://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/news/prolific-small-boats-people-smuggling-network-dismantled-as-part-of-international-operation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rC85bBq8MXo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SuZjG3UCufg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fv2mJtx9o5M&t=53s

https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/gunfights-between-channel-smugglers-jns9dcntj

https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/06/19/mediterranean-migration-crisis/why-people-flee-what-eu-should-do

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/663cdb73bd01f5ed3279386c/07_May_2024_Small_boats_-_time_series.ods

https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/channel-migrants-small-boats-asylum-rwanda-b1155217.html

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