Devan and Tyler explore the Willowbrook State School, that stands as a stark symbol of the dark chapters in the history of medical ethics and public health. Willowbrook gained infamy for its association with highly controversial medical experiments conducted on children with intellectual disabilities during the mid-20th century. Led by Dr. Saul Krugman, the Willowbrook studies became emblematic of ethical questions about the treatment of vulnerable populations and the boundaries of medical research.

• “Willowbrook: The Last Disgrace” Investigative Report by Geraldo Rivera

• DuBois, J. M. (2008). A framework for analyzing ethics cases. Ethics in Mental Health Research, 45-57.

• Krugman, S. (1986). The Willowbrook Hepatitis Studies Revisited: Ethical Aspects, Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 8:1.