What makes music such a powerful medium? How was music used to attain prophecy? Has AI destroyed pure music? Did Beethoven use our Kol Nidrei? How do you create a 'hit' song?   How influenced is our music by non-Jewish musical patterns and culture? Is music art, emotion or transcendant? And how did Italian Jews start a music revolution 500 years ago?   Timestamps: 0:00:46 — Podcast intro 0:01:22 — Topic setup: music in Torah and Levites.   0:02:58 — Music’s role in prophecy, Kabbalah, Vilna Gaon.   0:05:00 — Historical examples of music’s influence/appropriation.   0:10:00 — Music’s emotional power, simcha, halachic issues.   0:15:44 — Western (Renaissance/Baroque) and medieval Jewish music.   0:19:07 — 16th–17thC Italian controversy over Hebrew polyphony.   0:24:00 — Choirs, organs, cross-cultural musical borrowing.   0:30:00 — 19thC Jerusalem ban on wedding instruments (reasons).   0:35:19 — Interview with Alex Clare begins.   0:36:41 — Alex on nature of music, AI, sincerity.   1:00:00 — Music, memory, spirituality, and timelessness.   1:15:00 — Jewish vs. secular music, cultural influences.   1:25:00 — Alex on his music, kids’ songs, audience.   1:35:19 — Closing and contact info.