Fasting is valid from a small child who has tamyiz, (both male and female), as well as prayer. And it is obligatory according to the Shafi'i, Hanafiyah and Hanabilah scholars for their guardians to tell them to fast if they are able after seven years of age, and beat them after they are ten years old if they leave fasting. This aims to get them used to prayer, just like praying, it's just that fasting is more difficult so they must really be able to fast, because young children are sometimes able to pray but are not able to fast.
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