从数学怪兽到生命密码:是否存在介于2维和3维之间的物体?
<p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">当你仔细观察一个人,头顶那片浓密的黑发,为什么到了脖颈处就悄悄变淡,而且过渡还很自然,再往下又成了几乎透明的绒毛?难道我们的身体里,藏着一份标注每根毛发颜色的 “说明书”吗?</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">当你深呼吸感受空气涌入肺部时,你有没有好奇过:小小的胸腔里,怎么装得下能铺满一个网球场的肺泡?3 亿个肺泡像迷宫一样排布,它们的位置是一个个被规划好的吗?</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">如果你把一片雪花放在显微镜下,能看到更小的雪花形状嵌套其中,这种 “重复又不单调” 的图案,是一种巧合还是有什么内在的机制?</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">这些看起来毫无关联的问题,答案其实都指向同一个听起来很 “数学”,却和我们息息相关的概念 —— 分形。</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">你可能会觉得,“分形” 这两个字听着就像课本里的难题,但实际上,它是大自然偷偷用了几十亿年的 “建造密码”—— 小到你身体里的血管、神经,大到窗外的树木、远处的山脉,甚至天上的云朵,都是用分形的逻辑 “长” 出来的。</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">只不过,我们人类在数学理论的发展过程中,是很靠后才了解到它的,所以初看起来它就很怪异。甚至曾经一度被人们称为“数学中的怪兽”,但这只怪兽,早就先于我们存在了亿万年,它是宇宙用最简洁的方式,制造最复杂的世界的秘密算法。而一旦我们掌握了它,就能利用它来改造世界。</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">今天,我们就来好好聊聊分形。</p>便于你理解,下面有一些图片可供参考。<span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">康托尔集:<br></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><img data-key="0" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/bc76-audiofreehighqps/43/7E/GKwRIJEM3B4AAAiADwQuV-f4.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/bc76-audiofreehighqps/43/7E/GKwRIJEM3B4AAAiADwQuV-f4.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/bc76-audiofreehighqps/43/7E/GKwRIJEM3B4AAAiADwQuV-f4.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="428.6684782608696" data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/bc76-audiofreehighqps/43/7E/GKwRIJEM3B4AAAiADwQuV-f4.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="80.01811594202898"><br></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">科赫曲线:</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><img data-key="1" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/7b57-audiofreehighqps/81/E6/GAqhg3wM3BwWAAwx9wQuV6ZF.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/7b57-audiofreehighqps/81/E6/GAqhg3wM3BwWAAwx9wQuV6ZF.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/7b57-audiofreehighqps/81/E6/GAqhg3wM3BwWAAwx9wQuV6ZF.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="499.3694829760404" data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/7b57-audiofreehighqps/81/E6/GAqhg3wM3BwWAAwx9wQuV6ZF.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="93.2156368221942"></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">科赫雪花:</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><img data-key="2" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/0147-audiofreehighqps/AA/A4/GAqhqKwM3B5JAAJ-bwQuV-w4.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/0147-audiofreehighqps/AA/A4/GAqhqKwM3B5JAAJ-bwQuV-w4.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/0147-audiofreehighqps/AA/A4/GAqhqKwM3B5JAAJ-bwQuV-w4.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="408.65384615384613" data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/0147-audiofreehighqps/AA/A4/GAqhqKwM3B5JAAJ-bwQuV-w4.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="76.28205128205127"></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">海岸线悖论:</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><img data-key="3" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/2b85-audiofreehighqps/98/C7/GAqhqKwM3B5SABXReQQuV-zx.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/2b85-audiofreehighqps/98/C7/GAqhqKwM3B5SABXReQQuV-zx.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/2b85-audiofreehighqps/98/C7/GAqhqKwM3B5SABXReQQuV-zx.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="349.1031390134529" data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/2b85-audiofreehighqps/98/C7/GAqhqKwM3B5SABXReQQuV-zx.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="65.16591928251121"><br></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">介于2D和3D之间的纸团:</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><img data-key="4" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/37fa-audiofreehighqps/3D/DE/GAqh4zIM3B5ZAAtH1AQuV-1p.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/37fa-audiofreehighqps/3D/DE/GAqh4zIM3B5ZAAtH1AQuV-1p.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/37fa-audiofreehighqps/3D/DE/GAqh4zIM3B5ZAAtH1AQuV-1p.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="444.476409666283" data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/37fa-audiofreehighqps/3D/DE/GAqh4zIM3B5ZAAtH1AQuV-1p.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="82.96892980437283"><br></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">科赫曲线的维度:</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><img data-key="5" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/6b36-audiofreehighqps/38/49/GKwRIW4M3B5iAAhyXgQuV-3p.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/6b36-audiofreehighqps/38/49/GKwRIW4M3B5iAAhyXgQuV-3p.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/6b36-audiofreehighqps/38/49/GKwRIW4M3B5iAAhyXgQuV-3p.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="556.2571756601608" data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/6b36-audiofreehighqps/38/49/GKwRIW4M3B5iAAhyXgQuV-3p.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="103.83467278989667"><br></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">不同图形的维度表:</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><img data-key="6" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/5fe7-audiofreehighqps/E2/E6/GKwRIW4M3HxvAAH5HgQucJlz.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/5fe7-audiofreehighqps/E2/E6/GKwRIW4M3HxvAAH5HgQucJlz.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/5fe7-audiofreehighqps/E2/E6/GKwRIW4M3HxvAAH5HgQucJlz.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="191.8174342105263" data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/5fe7-audiofreehighqps/E2/E6/GKwRIW4M3HxvAAH5HgQucJlz.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="35.805921052631575"><br></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">谢尔宾斯基三角形:</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><img data-key="7" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/0e71-audiofreehighqps/0D/AC/GKwRIW4M3Hx5AAWk1QQucJ9W.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/0e71-audiofreehighqps/0D/AC/GKwRIW4M3Hx5AAWk1QQucJ9W.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/0e71-audiofreehighqps/0D/AC/GKwRIW4M3Hx5AAWk1QQucJ9W.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="320.625" data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/0e71-audiofreehighqps/0D/AC/GKwRIW4M3Hx5AAWk1QQucJ9W.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="59.85"><br></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">用混沌游戏算法构建谢尔宾斯基三角形:</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><img data-key="8" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/da0f-audiofreehighqps/65/9E/GKwRIJIM3HyDAAnNNgQucKT8.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/da0f-audiofreehighqps/65/9E/GKwRIJIM3HyDAAnNNgQucKT8.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/da0f-audiofreehighqps/65/9E/GKwRIJIM3HyDAAnNNgQucKT8.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="1135.5882352941176" data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/da0f-audiofreehighqps/65/9E/GKwRIJIM3HyDAAnNNgQucKT8.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="211.9764705882353"><br></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">天气系统的蝴蝶形吸引子:</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><img data-key="9" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/02d0-audiofreehighqps/F5/84/GAqhp50M3HyOAAax7wQucKsJ.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/02d0-audiofreehighqps/F5/84/GAqhp50M3HyOAAax7wQucKsJ.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/02d0-audiofreehighqps/F5/84/GAqhp50M3HyOAAax7wQucKsJ.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="384.4221105527638" data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/02d0-audiofreehighqps/F5/84/GAqhp50M3HyOAAax7wQucKsJ.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="71.75879396984925"><br></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">肺部的分形示意图:</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><img data-key="10" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/1d9e-audiofreehighqps/7C/F0/GAqhqKwM3HyXAAQo3AQucLAA.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/1d9e-audiofreehighqps/7C/F0/GAqhqKwM3HyXAAQo3AQucLAA.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/1d9e-audiofreehighqps/7C/F0/GAqhqKwM3HyXAAQo3AQucLAA.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="423.49551856594115" data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/1d9e-audiofreehighqps/7C/F0/GAqhqKwM3HyXAAQo3AQucLAA.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="79.05249679897568"><br></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">肺的分形构造:</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><img data-key="11" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/9e50-audiofreehighqps/7E/E9/GAqhg3wM3HygADKm_gQucLTs.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/9e50-audiofreehighqps/7E/E9/GAqhg3wM3HygADKm_gQucLTs.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/9e50-audiofreehighqps/7E/E9/GAqhg3wM3HygADKm_gQucLTs.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="607.4455205811138" data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/9e50-audiofreehighqps/7E/E9/GAqhg3wM3HygADKm_gQucLTs.png!op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="113.38983050847457"><br></p>