<p>Justin Hibbard continues our series on the 21 Ecumenical Councils by exploring the uprising against the Catholic Church in Europe known as the Protestant Reformation. But was it really a reformation, or was it a revolution? Who were the key players in this movement, and did the movement ultimately succeed in its goals?</p><p>SOCIAL LINKS</p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://www.instagram.com/whycatholicpodcast">Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/@WhyCatholic">Subscribe to Why Catholic on YouTube.</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/JustinRHibbard/">Follow Justin on Facebook.</a></p><p>SOURCES:</p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/Ecumenical-Councils-Catholic-Church-History/dp/0814653766">The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1G-4RFDqGU4&#38;list=PLfIIFG5x2TtuRsPnbRX4rvBKlw2xpwwLE&#38;index=12">Video: General Councils 13: Lateran V and Trent - Fr Timothy Matkin - St Francis Dallas</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://www.luther.de/en/95thesen.html">95 Theses - Martin Luther</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://www.papalencyclicals.net/leo10/l10exdom.htm">Papal Encyclicals Online: Exsurge Domine - Condemning the Errors of Martin Luther - Pope Leo X - 1520</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://www.papalencyclicals.net/leo10/l10decet.htm">Papal Encyclicals Online: Decet Romanum Pontificem - Papal Bull of Excommunication of Martin Luther and his followers - Pope Leo X - 1521</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/episode56">Episode 56: Indulgences - The Most Misunderstood Catholic Doctrine</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/episode120">Episode 120: The Deuterocanonicals and Protestant Budget Bibles</a></p><p>PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES</p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://whycatholic.substack.com/p/146">Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/147">Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/148">Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/149">Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/150">Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/151">Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/152">Episode 152: The Council of Chalcedon (451)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/153">Episode 153: The Second Council of Constantinople (553)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/154">Episode 154: War Among the Monotheists</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/155">Episode 155: The Third Council of Constantinople (680-681)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/156">Episode 156: The Second Council of Nicaea (787)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://whycatholic.substack.com/p/157">Episode 157: Reflections on the First Seven Ecumenical Councils</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://whycatholic.substack.com/p/158">Episode 158: The Fourth Council of Constantinople (869-870)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/159">Episode 159: The Great Schism</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://whycatholic.substack.com/p/160">Episode 160: The First Lateran Council (1123)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/161">Episode 161: The Second Lateran Council (1139)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/162">Episode 162: The Third Lateran Council (1179)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://whycatholic.substack.com/p/163">Episode 163: The Fourth Lateran Council (1215)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/164">Episode 164: The First Council of Lyon (1245)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://whycatholic.substack.com/p/165">Episode 165: The Second Council of Lyon (1274)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://whycatholic.substack.com/p/166">Episode 166: The Council of Vienne (1311-1312)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/167">Episode 167: The Avignon Papacy & The Great Western Schism</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/168">Episode 168: The Council of Constance (1414-1418)</a></p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="https://whycatholic.substack.com/p/169">Episode 169: The Council of Florence (1431-1445)</a> </p><p>* <a target="_blank" href="http://whycatholic.substack.com/170">Episode 170: The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517)</a></p> <br/><br/>Get full access to Why Catholic? 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