<p>Tailored for surgeons, this review covers when medical therapy has failed. We discuss the shift from symptom control to &quot;mucosal healing&quot; and the specific risks of 5-ASAs and thiopurines (TPMT testing). The episode details the management of Acute Severe UC (ASUC) using modified Truelove and Witts criteria, the timeline for &quot;salvage therapy&quot; (Infliximab vs. Cyclosporine), and the danger of &quot;sequential salvage&quot; which delays necessary colectomy.</p>