People of Agency

(Content warning: Episode contains discussion of gun violence, workplace violence and toxic work environments) Summary Postmaster General William Henderson proposes giving every American a free government email address with the suffix ".us", with privacy protections like sealed mail, where the government can't read your correspondence without a warrant. Congress and customers reject it. Instead we got Gmail, where you're the product and corporations scan your messages to sell advertising.  Episode 12 reveals how the 1990s and 2000s became decades of systematic strangulation. Marvin Runyon arrived in 1992 with the nickname "Carvin' Marvin" (earned by laying off 7,000 TVA employees in one day) and eliminated 48,000 postal jobs through early retirement while overtime doubled to 140 million hours. The toxic management culture created the phrase "going postal" after workplace shootings between 1986-1999, but postal workers were actually three times LESS likely to be murdered at work (0.22 per 100,000) than the national average (0.77 per 100,000), the phrase stigmatized 800,000 workers for systemic failures. Automation eliminated 300,000 jobs while GAO reports showed savings were "taking longer and producing less than expected." Meanwhile, the Post Office tried repeatedly to innovate: Electronic Postmark (1996) doing blockchain-style digital authentication 13 years before Bitcoin, PosteCS (2000) doing secure document delivery 3 years before DocuSign, eBillPay (2000) before online payment became standard, and Henderson's partnership discussions with Jeff Bezos before UPS grabbed the deal. All canceled or blocked. Then came the 2006 Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act, creating the prefunding mandate we covered in Episode 7, but also Section 102: legally prohibiting the Post Office from offering "nonpostal services" that might compete with private firms. No email, no digital notarization, no postal banking.  The law passed by voice vote with no recorded opposition, locking the Post Office into physical mail delivery just as mail collapsed. FedEx spent $12 million lobbying in 2012 alone while the Post Office was legally prohibited from lobbying Congress. Corporate capture became law, and every digital service Americans need, email, banking, document authentication, stayed private and profitable while the Post Office was prevented from adapting. Key takeaways to listen for [00:00:00] Introduction [00:06:20] Act I - Carvin' Marvin: The Restructuring Pressure Cooker: How Marvin Runyon eliminated 48,000 jobs through early retirement and 23,000 management positions while overtime doubled from 69 million to 140 million hours, why the GAO found 49% of workers weren't treated with dignity and 52,000 grievances backlogged for up to 696 days, and how "running like a business" meant treating workers as costs to minimize [00:16:24] Act II - Going Postal: When Institutions Break People: The 1986-1999 workplace shootings (34 postal employees killed in 29 incidents) that created the phrase, why postal workers were actually 0.22 per 100,000 murdered at work versus 0.77 national average (three times SAFER), how toxic management culture with arbitrary discipline (suspended for saying "damn" to yourself) and collapsed grievance systems broke workers, and why 800,000 postal workers got stigmatized for systemic failures [00:31:14] Act III - Automation: Who Pays for Efficiency?: DBCS machines processing 40,000 letters/hour with 2 operators versus 30,000/hour with 17 operators, how 300,000 career jobs were eliminated (clerks down 45.9% from 1990-2010), why GAO found automation was "taking longer and producing less than expected" with $761 million in exceeded work hour costs, and how the no-layoff clause couldn't protect against jobs being automated out of existence [00:39:44] Act IV - The Digital Future They Tried to Build: Electronic Postmark (1996) doing blockchain-style authentication 13 years before Bitcoin, PosteCS (2000) secure docu

January 4, 1982. Postmaster General William Bolger sends the first official E-COM message, Electronic Computer-Originated Mail, a brilliant hybrid system where businesses transmit messages electronically to the Post Office, which prints and delivers them. The concept could have made the Post Office your internet provider. Instead, AT&T used the Postal Rate Commission to kill it. They forced the Post Office to use outside telecommunications companies (meaning AT&T profits), jacked the price from 15 cents to 26 cents (60% increase), and designed restrictions guaranteeing failure. E-COM lost $5.25 on every letter and hemorrhaged $40 million before shutting down in 1985. Fourteen years later, the guy who designed E-COM started his own company doing the exact same thing, UPS bought it for $100 million. Episode 11 reveals how the 1980s became a decade of corporate strangulation: INTELPOST failed even worse (under $60,000 revenue on $6 million investment), creating institutional trauma that scared postal leadership away from electronic services right when the internet emerged. Meanwhile, Postmaster General Bolger rolled out presorted mail discounts that spawned the modern junk mail industry, bulk mail jumped 41% in one year, creating a $135 billion direct mail industry by 1986 while stamp prices rose 67%. Reagan's Grace Commission pushed privatization with 2,478 recommendations, but postal workers and rural voters had enough political power to stop it. The Heritage Foundation's plan to contract out 7,000 rural routes died instantly from constituent backlash. Private carriers got to cream-skim profitable routes after 1979 regulatory changes while the Post Office kept universal service obligations. The Post Office survived the decade but emerged traumatized, dependent on junk mail, and unable to compete in electronic services, exactly what corporations wanted. Key takeaways to listen for [00:00:00] Introduction  [00:05:33] Act I - The Electronic Mail Service AT&T Had to Kill: How Gene Johnson designed E-COM to intercept electronic messaging before it bypassed physical mail, why AT&T complained about competing with "a government agency with its own police force," how the Postal Rate Commission forced 26-cent pricing and outside telecom use that destroyed the business model, and why UPS paid $100 million for Mail2000 doing the exact same thing [00:15:52] Act II - INTELPOST and the Trauma That Lasted Decades: The "fastest mail on earth" satellite fax service that required post office visits on both ends, how it transmitted under 12,000 pages in three years while FedEx's ZapMail lost $300 million on the same concept, and why institutional trauma from failures made leadership avoid electronic services when the internet emerged [00:24:38] Act III - How Junk Mail Became the Business Model: Bolger's presorted mail discounts making bulk mail jump 41% in 1981, how the $135 billion direct mail industry emerged while stamp prices rose 67% (15 cents to 25 cents), and why worksharing discounts often exceeded actual cost savings, meaning the Post Office subsidized corporate mailers [00:33:37] Act IV - The Privatization That Almost Happened: Reagan's Grace Commission with 2,478 recommendations claiming $298 billion in savings (CBO said actually $98 billion), how the Heritage Foundation's rural route contracting proposal died from immediate backlash, cream-skimming after 1979 Private Express Statute suspension, and why annual Congressional appropriation riders protected six-day delivery and rural service levels [00:49:51] Act V - What the 1980s Teach Us About Defending Public Institutions: How 800,000 postal workers in every congressional district plus rural voters created political power corporations couldn't overcome, why regulatory capture (AT&T controlling the Postal Rate Commission) defeated unions that could stop direct privatization, and the lesson that defense isn't the same as thriving, the Post Office survi

In 1970 at the Hotel Statler, Manhattan 2,600 postal workers are packed into a ballroom at 6 PM to vote on something incredibly illegal: striking against the federal government. Twenty percent have second jobs. Sixteen percent qualify for food stamps. These are full-time federal employees who cannot afford to live on what the government pays them. Two weeks ago, Congress voted itself a 41% raise while offering postal workers 5.4%, which with inflation running at 6-7%, is actually a pay cut. Union leadership stalls all night with procedural delays, but at 10:30 PM, Vincent Sombrotto, a letter carrier with no union office and six kids to feed, grabs the microphone and forces the vote. 1,555 yes, 1,055 no. At 12:01 AM, picket lines go up. Within eight days, 200,000 workers in 30 cities join them. Nixon sends in 24,000 National Guard troops to deliver mail, they can't do it. The work requires specialized knowledge that takes a year to learn. Episode 10 reveals how this strike, the largest wildcat strike in American history, didn't just happen. In cities where it succeeded (Detroit, Chicago, Philadelphia, New York), 50-70% of postal workers were Black, and they'd been building infrastructure for this fight since 1913 when NAPFE formed after white unions excluded Black Railway Mail Service clerks. For 57 years, Black postal workers fused civil rights organizing with labor tactics: fighting Jim Crow inside segregated union branches, leading NAACP chapters while organizing workplace grievances, transferring boycott tactics to rank-and-file caucuses. The Memphis sanitation strike and MLK's assassination in 1968 radicalized them further. When the moment came, they were ready. They won: 14% wage increase, time to top pay dropped from 21 years to 8 years, full collective bargaining rights, complete amnesty with not a single prosecution. But the victory came with a cost: the Postal Reorganization Act restructured the Post Office to "operate like a business," planting seeds for 50 years of attacks. And in 1981, when air traffic controllers tried the same thing, Reagan fired all 11,345 of them. The lesson: you can win the immediate fight and still lose the long-term battle if you're not watching what the victory costs you. Key takeaways to listen for [00:00:00] Introduction  [00:03:54] Act I - There's Always Work at the Post Office: How Black Railway Mail Service clerks formed NAPFE in 1913 after white unions excluded them, why postal jobs provided security that made civil rights organizing possible when teachers and sharecroppers faced economic retaliation, and how postal workers became NAACP chapter presidents across the South while fighting dual charter Jim Crow union branches [00:14:58] Act II - Building the Rank-and-File: How Black postal workers transferred civil rights tactics (documentation, grievance procedures, coalition building) to workplace organizing, why the Memphis sanitation strike and MLK's assassination in 1968 radicalized postal workers, and how Vietnam veterans brought anti-authority militancy while three major unions removed "no strike" clauses from their constitutions [00:27:10] Act III - Collective Begging: Why starting salary of $6,176 ($50,000 today) in NYC left workers on food stamps, how it took 21 years to reach top pay of $8,442 for a $2,200 total increase, the July 1969 Kingsbridge sick-out "dress rehearsal," and how Vincent Sombrotto grabbed the mic at 10:30 PM on March 17, 1970 forcing the vote that union leadership tried to delay [00:37:47] Act IV - "They Haven't Got a Jail Big Enough": Nixon's Operation Graphic Hand deploying 24,000 troops who couldn't sort mail because specialized knowledge takes a year to learn, how postal workers in the National Guard sabotaged operations from inside, George Boyles saying "they haven't got a jail big enough to put all of us in," and the victory: 14% raise, collective bargaining, full amnesty [00:47:49] Act V - What Changed (And What Didn't): Why Souther

December 1966. Chicago's main post office. Ten million pieces of mail sit backlogged, and officials are reportedly discussing whether to just burn it all. The problem? The postal system that worked for a century was collapsing under its own success. Railway Mail Service clerks had to memorize up to 30,000 addresses, knowledge that took years to build and lived entirely in workers' heads. When someone retired, that expertise walked out the door. Three years earlier, the Post Office had rolled out a solution: ZIP codes. Five digits that promised to make everything faster and more efficient. But it wasn't really about speed, it was about making workers replaceable. In Episode 9, Aileen and Maia trace how a Philadelphia postal inspector named Robert Moon spent 19 years getting rejected before his three-digit regional system was finally adopted, how H. Bentley Hahn designed the brilliant fourth and fifth digits that nobody remembers, and how J. Edward Day swooped in to take credit before resigning one month later. They explore the bonkers marketing campaign, Mr. ZIP (a hand-me-down AT&T mascot), a musical with cavemen, Ethel Merman singing "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah," and 90-minute plywood cutout speeches. Americans resisted for 15 years, convinced it was Orwellian and dehumanizing. Charles Schulz created a Peanuts character literally named "555 95472" in protest. But eventually adoption hit 83%, the mail crisis resolved, and the system scaled. Then something darker happened: marketers discovered ZIP codes could predict income, race, and buying habits. Insurance companies used them to continue redlining after it became illegal. The PRIZM system sorted Americans into 62 "lifestyle clusters" like "Shotguns & Pickups" and "Blue Blood Estates." What started as mail routing became a tool for discrimination, surveillance, and algorithmic sorting, the exact pattern playing out with AI today. Key takeaways to listen for [00:00:00] Introduction [00:03:10] Act I - The Memory Palace: How Railway Mail Service clerks memorized 30,000 addresses and took scheme examinations every six months with 97% accuracy requirements, why the Bureau of Hards spent entire days deciphering illegible handwriting, and how worker expertise created leverage that management wanted to eliminate [00:11:16] Act II - The Forgotten Inventors: Robert Moon's 19 years of rejected proposals for regional numbering, H. Bentley Hahn's brilliant incorporation of existing postal zones into digits four and five, how ZIP codes followed railroad routes rather than state lines, and why J. Edward Day got all the credit before resigning one month after launch [00:20:13] Act III - Mr. ZIP and the Numbers Racket: The aggressive marketing campaign with Disney's "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah," cavemen explaining ZIP codes in a 15-minute musical, Smokey Bear getting his own ZIP code (20252), Charles Schulz's 20-year protest through Peanuts character "555 95472," and why it took 15 years to reach near-universal adoption [00:30:28] Act IV - Your ZIP Code Knows Too Much: How PRIZM's 62 "lifestyle clusters" turned ZIP codes into predictive tools, why insurance companies charge people in minority ZIP codes 77% more for identical coverage, how ZIP codes became discrimination laundering after redlining was outlawed, and why 65% of 1930s "D-grade" neighborhoods remain low-income today [00:42:17] Act V - The Same Fight, Different Decade: How Amazon's AI surveillance cameras flag drivers for "scratching their face," why warehouse injury rates are 31% higher than industry average during productivity tracking, how 1,100 Salt Lake City workers still manually process mail machines can't read while being monitored from "air-traffic control," and why the Writers Guild and SAG-AFTRA won AI protections that postal workers have been fighting for 50 years Follow Us On Social Media Instagram @Peopleof_Agency TikTok @Peopleof_Agency YouTube @Peopleof_Agency   Connect with Us Ready to explore how ordinary peop

Chipping away at Trust  Two stories just broke that show exactly how you destroy the most trusted institution in America. Amazon's $6 billion contract with USPS expires in October 2026, and after nearly a year of negotiations, there's no deal, just as Amazon finishes building a $4 billion rural delivery network on routes they learned while relying on the Postal Service. Meanwhile, a rule change that took effect December 24th means postmarks no longer prove when you mailed something, threatening to invalidate ballots, trigger IRS penalties, and disqualify time-sensitive documents, especially in rural communities. Both stories reveal the same pattern: what happens when a public institution built to serve everyone gets financially strangled, becomes dependent on corporate revenue, and then watches those corporations walk away. This is about trust, rural America, and who public services actually work for.