Guest: Klavs F. Jensen  In this episode of Boba & Biotech, I sit down with Klavs Jensen - professor at MIT and former chair of its chemical engineering department - to explore a deceptively simple question: why do some scientific breakthroughs become companies while others never leave the lab? As we unpack the messy journey from academic discovery to startup, Klavs tries his first-ever boba tea, a refreshing mango green tea (sans sugar!) - while sharing candid insights from decades at the intersection of academia, industry, and entrepreneurship. Our conversation dives into the often-misunderstood relationship between universities, startups, and large companies. Klavs explains why many promising ideas are too early for startups, why incremental technologies struggle to displace existing infrastructure, and why timing, talent, and market forces can matter just as much as the science itself. We also explore the human side of innovation: why the skills required to finish a PhD are very different from those needed to build and run a company, and what makes innovation ecosystems like MIT so uniquely effective. Klavs Jensen is the Warren K. Lewis Professor of Chemical Engineering, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at MIT. He received an MS in chemical engineering at the Technical University of Denmark in 1976 and a PhD in chemical engineering from the University of Wisconsin in 1980. His work can be found in more than 490 journal articles, 180 conference presentations, and 63 US patents. He serves as the inaugural editor-in-chief of the Royal Society of Chemistry’s journal, Reaction Chemistry and Engineering. Links Armon’s LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/armonsharei/   Klavs’ LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/klavs-jensen-381995a/  Credits Hosted by Armon Sharei, PhD Research by Julie Kim, MBA Produced by Arielle Nisseblatt of Pinwheel, Andressa Carroll, Portal Edited and mixed by David Woje of Pinwheel