Asia Forward

Who owns art, and who gets to share it? In episode 17 of Asia Forward, host Ei Thant Sin speaks with Joanna Gohmann, Associate Curator of Provenance & Object Histories at Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art, about how museums approach questions of ownership, provenance, repatriation and shared stewardship. Gohmann explains how researchers trace the movement and ownership of objects over time, what can be lost when artifacts are removed without proper documentation, and why legal ownership and ethical responsibility do not always lead to the same answer. The conversation looks closely at Cambodia, where the museum recently returned three sculptures after provenance research indicated they most likely left the country during the Khmer Rouge period. Gohmann also discusses the museum’s ongoing work with Cambodian partners, including joint research and the continued display of some Cambodian objects through collaboration and loans. One example is the monumental 11th-century bronze Vishnu Reclining on the Serpent Ananta, now on loan to the museum from the National Museum of Cambodia as part of the Vishnu’s Cosmic Ocean exhibition. The episode also explores the museum’s partnerships with Indonesian museums, the importance of Southeast Asian art to diaspora communities, Burmese Kammavaca manuscripts in the collection, and the Prehistoric Spirals exhibition featuring ancient earthenware from Thailand.Gohmann also reflects on how partnerships with researchers and institutions in Southeast Asia are changing the way museums study, interpret and care for collections, and why those relationships matter for the future of provenance research. 0:25 Introduction 1:33 What is provenance research? 2:54 Why an object’s ownership history matters 4:19 How researchers trace an object’s journey 6:50 What gets lost when art is removed from its context 9:08 How the Smithsonian traced Cambodian sculptures 10:02 What repatriation means for Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art’s U.S.-Cambodia museum partnership, what Cambodia got back and what remains on display 14:03 How Smithsonian’s NMAA also partners with Indonesian museums 15:55 Who should decide where cultural objects belong? 19:23 How Burmese manuscripts at Smithsonian’s NMAA show why Southeast Asian art matters to diaspora communities 21:04 How Smithsonian’s NMAA partnerships benefit the museum and its counterparts 22:06 How Smithsonian’s NMAA researchers study ancient Thai earthenware 24:22 What drew Joanna Gohmann to Asian art and provenance research 26:58 Where Smithsonian’s NMAA U.S.-Southeast Asia museum partnerships go next

Vietnam is Southeast Asia's fastest-growing economy and, as Ted Osius, a former U.S. ambassador to Vietnam, puts it, already a "tiger" of the region. In this episode of Asia Forward, Osius joins Ledy Simarmata to discuss what is driving Vietnam's growth, why foreign companies are investing there and what U.S. businesses should understand before entering the market. The conversation looks at the legacy of Đổi Mới, how those reforms helped shape Vietnam’s economic growth and why advanced technology including artificial intelligence is emerging as the most promising sector fas it works to build a more highly skilled workforce. Osius also discusses the country’s efforts to reduce bureaucracy, improve transparency and address corruption, including how the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act influences how American companies operate in Vietnam. The conversation also explores Vietnam’s infrastructure needs and the role of the new Vietnam International Financial Center. The episode covers how the China Plus One strategy benefits Vietnam and how the country balances its economic relationships with both the United States and China. Osius draws on more than three decades of experience with Vietnam, including his time as U.S. ambassador, his work at Google Asia-Pacific and his tenure as president and CEO of the U.S.-ASEAN Business Council. 0:27 Introduction 1:57 How Ted Osius developed personal ties with Vietnam. 3:49 How Vietnam became Southeast Asia’s fastest-growing economy. 4:31 What Đổi Mới changed for Vietnam. 6:24 How Vietnam’s socialism coexists with an open business environment. 7:41 How technology and investment are shaping Vietnam’s next phase. 10:27 How American business has become increasingly interested in Vietnam. 12:11 What American business confidence in Vietnam looks like today. 15:00 How the China Plus One strategy is benefiting Vietnam. 18:40 How Vietnam ranks in the Transparency International Corruption Index 22:43 What Foreign Corrupt Practices Act means for U.S. businesses in Vietnam. 24:26 What the Vietnam International Financial Center (VIFC) could mean for investors. 27:27 Whether Vietnam has the skilled workforce for its next stage of growth. 30:10 Where U.S. companies may find the biggest opportunities in Vietnam. 33:19 How Vietnam balances its economic ties with the U.S. and China. 35:08 How American businesses can compete in Vietnam 36:11 What Vietnam’s economy could look like in the next 5-10 years.

Cambodia has drawn international attention over online scam centers, human trafficking and organized crime, raising concerns about the country’s reputation among investors and travelers. At the same time, its digital economy is growing, new industries are developing and the United States remains Cambodia’s largest export market. In this episode of Asia Forward, host Ei Thant Sin speaks with Christopher McCarthy, Executive Director of the American Chamber of Commerce in Cambodia about what American businesses should know before investing in the country. They discuss the government’s crackdown on scam centers, the sharp decline in tourism and the impact of the border conflict with Thailand. McCarthy also talks about China’s large investment presence, where U.S. companies can compete, Cambodia’s digital payments sector and what the country needs to do to attract more American investment. Chapters: 0:35 Introduction2:22 How has Cambodia’s economy changed in the past decades? 3:52 Does Cambodia have the workforce businesses need? 5:16 How have scam centers affected U.S. businesses? 6:46 How is Cambodia cracking down on online scams? 8:59 How have scam centers hurt Cambodia’s reputation and tourism? 12:27 Why is Cambodia still attractive to U.S. investors? 13:27 Have Cambodia’s scam center crackdowns eased investor concerns? 14:32 Which sectors offer the biggest opportunities for U.S. businesses? 16:03 Can U.S. businesses compete with China in Cambodia? 18:01 How advanced is Cambodia’s digital economy? 20:14 How does Cambodia’s dollarized economy benefit businesses? 21:39 What role can the Cambodian diaspora play? 23:26 What should U.S. companies know before entering Cambodia? 25:25 How to find a local partner in Cambodia? 26:07 What could Cambodia’s business environment look like in 10 years?

For decades, Filipino nurses have filled critical roles across the U.S. health care system. They've helped hospitals respond to staffing shortages, cared for patients during public health crises, while also supporting families and communities in both the United States and the Philippines. In episode 14 of this Asia Forward podcast, host Ledy Simarmata speaks with Madelyn Yu, a retired nurse with more than 45 years of experience, living in New Jersey, who formerly served as the national president of the Philippine Nurses Association of America (PNAA). She reflects on her decision that brought her from the Philippines to the U.S., the cultural adjustments she faced in Kansas City and the earlier experiences that shaped her career. Her story is also part of a larger story of Filipino nurses who built professional networks and helped Filipino American communities grow across the country. The conversation looks at how the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 created new opportunities for foreign-trained nurses to stay in the U.S., and why U.S. hospitals have continued to rely on Filipino nurses. She also shares what that history means today and why Filipino nurses remain such an important part of the U.S. health care workforce. COVID-19 showed how much Filipino nurses had to endure during a major health crisis. The group accounted for a disproportionate share of recorded nurse deaths during the pandemic. She reflects on that toll, what it revealed about staffing and workplace protections and how the U.S. health care system should respond to continuing nurse shortages. Their impact also extends beyond the hospitals and communities where they work. Filipino nurses support the U.S. economy while sending billions of dollars each year in remittances to families in the Philippines. The conversation considers this connection between the two countries, as well as the challenges of recruiting health care workers from a country that has its own need for nurses. With the U.S. population aging, the demand for nursing care is likely to keep growing. Madelyn offers her perspective on a proposal for Americans from Senator Tammy Duckworth (D-Illinois) to study nursing in the Philippines, the potential for closer U.S.-Philippines cooperation in health care and the growing number of Filipino nurses moving into leadership and entrepreneurship. Looking ahead, she reflects on how the role of Filipino nurses may change over the next decade and shares a personal message with nurses in the U.S. and all around the world. Chapters: 0:35 Introduction 1:36 What brought Madelyn Yu to the United States. 3:25 How the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) opened new pathways for migrant nurses including those from the Philippines. 5:11 How Madelyn reflects on her decision leaving the Philippines for the U.S. as a young nurse, a wife and a mother. 06:05 What Madelyn’s early cultural adjustment was like. 07:02 How Madelyn built her nursing career in America. 07:49 How Madelyn became president of PNAA and what PNAA advocates for Filipino nurses. 10:25 How Filipino nurses helped build the Filipino American community. 12:13 Why Filipino nurses faced a disproportionate COVID-19 death toll. 18:37 Why U.S. hospitals continue to rely on Filipino nurses. 20:27 What being a nurse means to Madelyn. 21:17 How the U.S. health care system should address nurse shortages. 23:21 How Filipino nurses support the Philippine economy through remittances. 26:37 How Filipino nurses contribute to both the U.S. and Philippine economies. 27:41 Whether more Americans should study nursing in the Philippines as proposed by Senator Tammy Duckworth (D-Illinois). 29:34 How the U.S. and the Philippines can work together on health care. 30:29 Why Filipino nurses will be important as America ages. 32:13 How Filipino nurses are moving into leadership and entrepreneurship. 33:48 What role Filipino nurses could play over the next 5-10 years. 34:54 What Madelyn wants Filipino nurses to know.

How vulnerable is Southeast Asia to an energy shock thousands of miles away? The conflict in the Middle East and disruption in the Strait of Hormuz have pushed up oil, LNG and jet fuel prices, with effects that reach far beyond the energy sector. ASEAN has described the region’s vulnerability through the 5Fs: fuel, food, fertilizer, finance, and foreign workers. In this episode, host Ei Thant Sin speaks with Dr. Prashanth Parameswaran about which countries facing the greatest risks, why some are more exposed than others, how the crisis impacts different sectors of the economy and what the crisis means for companies operating in Southeast Asia. The conversation also dives into the importance of the Strait of Malacca, regional cooperation during emergencies and the need for governments and businesses to prepare together. Looking ahead, they discuss the transition to clean and renewable energy and where U.S. companies could contribute to the region’s energy security. Dr. Prashanth Paramesawaran is a fellow at the Institute for Indo-Pacific Security and a senior columnist at The Diplomat. Chapters 0:34 Introduction2:45 How the disruption in the Strait of Hormuz impact Southeast Asia’s energy security. 4:46 Why the Philippines is the most impacted country in Southeast Asia. 5:23 What an energy state of emergency means. 7:56 Whether Malaysia can power its growing data center industry 8:29 How the energy crisis affects people’s daily lives 12:28 What a multi-alignment approach means in a crisis. 13:48 What a Strait of Malacca disruption would mean for Southeast Asia. 17:45 What businesses can learn from the energy crisis and its impact on Indonesia’s and Vietnam’s economies. 20:07 Why Southeast Asia needs to broaden its energy options. 21:42 Where ASEAN may turn for energy: renewables, nuclear or coal. 23:02 Whether China and Russia could emerge as winners in this energy crisis. 25:25 What lasting impact the energy crisis could have on Southeast Asian countries. 27:27 What would make Southeast Asia more energy secure in 5-10 years from now. 30:06 What role the United States can play in Southeast Asia’s energy future.