Physician Assistant Exam Review

Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Definition Inability to achieve or maintain an erection firm enough for intercourse Very common; prevalence increases with age May be vascular, neurologic, hormonal, medication-induced, or psychogenic Risk Factors

Bladder Cancer Definition Malignancy arising from the bladder urothelium Most common type is urothelial carcinoma Often presents with painless hematuria Risk Factors Cigarette smoking Occupational chemical exposures such as dyes and rubber

Urethritis Inflammation or infection of the urethra, usually from a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Most common pathogens: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Can also result from chemical irritation or catheter use.

Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of urine due to dysfunction of bladder storage, outlet control, or both. Classified as stress, urge (overactive bladder), overflow, functional, or mixed types. Very common in women after menopause or childbirth.

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