This episode is a follow-up to our 2024 discussion with Stripe and Entersekt on the use of 3-D Secure (3DS) in markets where strong customer authentication is not mandated, particularly the United States. That earlier conversation was grounded in Stripe's analysis of US 3DS transactions and explored a counterintuitive but important finding: when 3DS is deployed selectively in unregulated markets, its presence can become correlated with higher-risk transactions, limiting its effectiveness and in some cases negatively impacting authorization outcomes. Since that episode, several developments have occurred, including new analysis by Stripe examining 3DS usage and performance in markets where authentication is required by regulation, a substantial increase in the use of EMVCo "network" tokenization, and research and messaging developed by Entersekt regarding the continued use of authentication in conjunction with tokenization. Chris Uriarte is delighted to welcome back Amandeep Batra from Stripe and Dewald Nolte from Entersekt to address these developments and to explore how authentication and tokenization interact in practice across different regulatory environments.