This podcast is made by Ran Chen, who holds an EA license, Insurance and Securities licenses (Series 6, 63, 65), and the CFP® designation. He is passionate about opening access to high-quality exam preparation resources and helping learners prepare more effectively for professional certification exams.

In this episode you will learn:
- How to diagnose reversing valve internal leakage using temperature differential checks across valve bodies.
- The operational differences between time-temperature and demand defrost initiation and termination rules.
- How to distinguish normal frost patterns from abnormal icing caused by low refrigerant charge or airflow restrictions.
- Key definitions and exam applications for thermal balance point and economic balance point.
- The complete defrost sequence of events using the HOT ICE mnemonic for quick recall.

For more free exam prep tools, practice questions, and AI-powered explanations, visit https://open-exam-prep.com/ or YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@Open-exam-prep

NATE HVAC Exam Prep 46, Heat Pump Service and Defrost Diagnosis

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