天书解谜，如何破译古代文字？

JUN 28, 202678 MIN

天书解谜，如何破译古代文字？

JUN 28, 202678 MIN

Description

主播｜李叔嘉宾｜张湛哈佛大博士卡师返场，这次聊聊他的专业老本行——Philology。简单说，就是教你怎么“认字儿”，而且是那种死了一两千年、没人认识的死语言。那些像鬼画符一样的埃及象形文字、楔形文字、线性文字AB、甚至西夏文，到底是怎么被破译的？是靠天才灵光一现，还是有什么规律可循？以及——语言和文字，到底是什么关系？时间轴速览00:39 什么是语文学？其实我们就是“认字儿的”06:32 语言和文字，到底是不是一回事？11:48 破译古代语言，从何入手？三大要素缺一不可19:38 罗塞塔石碑：商博良靠“王名圈”撬开埃及象形文字28:17 贝希斯敦铭文：从“王中王”开始解码楔形文字40:00 苏美尔语：从图案到语言，人类最早的文字44:51 线性文字B：没有双语文献，那靠什么？47:41 玛雅文字：被烧到只剩残片的文字该如何破译？52:33 西夏文、契丹文、女真文：跟汉字长得像，语言却天差地别01:01:46 未解之谜：那些等着新材料才能啃的硬骨头01:06:11 僧伽罗语为什么长得像“小猴”？01:15:26 用AI学古代语言是什么体验？想关注更多嘉宾动态，关注他的公众号：阿达希尔的漫游｜songlist｜周杰伦 - 爱在西元前/相关图片/<img data-key="0" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/2d64-audiofreehighqps/DD/BB/GKwRIJIOF0BeADvaVASurplb.png!op_type=4&upload_type=attachment&device_type=ios&name=mobile_large" data-origin="http://fdfs.xmcdn.com/storages/2d64-audiofreehighqps/DD/BB/GKwRIJIOF0BeADvaVASurplb.png" data-preview-width="140" 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data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/cb91-audiofreehighqps/4E/72/GAqhT9EOF0H4AJa2LASurrh4.png!op_type=4&upload_type=attachment&device_type=ios&name=mobile_small" data-large-width="750" data-preview-height="78"><img data-key="10" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/a5cb-audiofreehighqps/BB/14/GAqhcW4OF0IfAE3ZEQSurrvt.png!op_type=4&upload_type=attachment&device_type=ios&name=mobile_large" data-origin="http://fdfs.xmcdn.com/storages/a5cb-audiofreehighqps/BB/14/GAqhcW4OF0IfAE3ZEQSurrvt.png" data-preview-width="140" data-large="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/a5cb-audiofreehighqps/BB/14/GAqhcW4OF0IfAE3ZEQSurrvt.png!op_type=4&upload_type=attachment&device_type=ios&name=mobile_large" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/a5cb-audiofreehighqps/BB/14/GAqhcW4OF0IfAE3ZEQSurrvt.png!op_type=4&upload_type=attachment&device_type=ios&name=mobile_small" data-large-width="750" data-preview-height="78"><img data-key="11" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/8d04-audiofreehighqps/35/3B/GAqhuGoOF0IiAAT5OwSurrwg.jpeg!op_type=4&upload_type=attachment&device_type=ios&name=mobile_large" data-origin="http://fdfs.xmcdn.com/storages/8d04-audiofreehighqps/35/3B/GAqhuGoOF0IiAAT5OwSurrwg.jpeg" data-preview-width="140" data-large="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/8d04-audiofreehighqps/35/3B/GAqhuGoOF0IiAAT5OwSurrwg.jpeg!op_type=4&upload_type=attachment&device_type=ios&name=mobile_large" data-large-height="1000" data-preview="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/8d04-audiofreehighqps/35/3B/GAqhuGoOF0IiAAT5OwSurrwg.jpeg!op_type=4&upload_type=attachment&device_type=ios&name=mobile_small" data-large-width="750" data-preview-height="186">人类目前已知最早的文字，发掘于今伊拉克的乌鲁克地区（拍摄于2026年1月）<img data-key="12" src="http://imagev2.xmcdn.com/storages/94e5-audiofreehighqps/13/1A/GAqhuykOF0IjAANNUQSurrw3.jpeg!op_type=4&upload_type=attachment&device_type=ios&name=mobile_large" 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