<description>&lt;p&gt;The Classic Mac OS refers to the operating system that Apple Macintosh computers ran from 1984 to 2001. While it was one of the first popular operating systems to feature a graphical user interface, it hit some very real growing pains by the 1990s. In this episode, prolific hacker of the classic Mac OS, Elliot Nunn, joins us to dive into some of the quirks of this landmark operating system. We discuss some of its unique traits, how it compares to a modern operating system, and some of Elliot's projects to reverse-engineer it. By the end of the episode you'll have a much stronger understanding of how the Classic Mac OS (System 1 through Mac OS 9) worked.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Show Notes&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://elliot.nunn.au" rel="nofollow"&gt;Elliot Nunn's Website&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://github.com/elliotnunn" rel="nofollow"&gt;Elliot Nunn on GitHub&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://mastodon.social/@elliotnunn" rel="nofollow"&gt;Elliot Nunn on Mastodon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://os9.shop" rel="nofollow"&gt;os9.shop&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/9e922306/classic-episode-what-is-an-operating-system-remastered-" rel="nofollow"&gt;Classic Episode: What is an Operating System?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/3e09ece6/the-apple-lisa" rel="nofollow"&gt;Episode 111: The Apple Lisa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/5224339c/the-history-of-macos" rel="nofollow"&gt;Episode 38: The History of macOS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/26e36924166d45c0/why-was-the-original-macintosh-significant-" rel="nofollow"&gt;Episode 29: Why was the Original Macintosh Significant?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can also find Elliot on #mac68k on Libera.Chat&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Follow us on X &lt;a href="https://x.com/kopecexplains" rel="nofollow"&gt;@KopecExplains&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Theme “Place on Fire” Copyright 2019 &lt;a href="www.creo-music.com" rel="nofollow"&gt;Creo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="nofollow"&gt;CC BY 4.0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Find out more at http://kopec.live&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/087ec4eb/hacking-the-classic-mac-os/transcript"&gt;Read transcript&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr&gt;</description>

How did System 1 through Mac OS 9 work?

#135 Hacking the Classic Mac OS

<description>&lt;p&gt;On July 19th, 2024, the cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike released an update for its Falcon Sensor software that brought down millions of Windows computers around the world. Some of these computers were involved in critical infrastructure like airlines, hospitals, and governments. Falcon Sensor, which hooks into the Windows kernel, was certified by Microsoft and cryptographically signed. The update triggered a classic (and common) bug reading past the end of an array. It not only crashed Windows, but didn't even allow it to complete its boot process. In this episode we explain what the bug was and why CrowdStrike did not catch it before it had the opportunity to bring down millions of machines. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Show Notes&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/9e922306/classic-episode-what-is-an-operating-system-remastered-" rel="nofollow"&gt;Classic Episode: What is an Operating System?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.crowdstrike.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Channel-File-291-Incident-Root-Cause-Analysis-08.06.2024.pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;CrowdStrike's Report on the Incident&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Follow us on X &lt;a href="https://twitter.com/kopecexplains" rel="nofollow"&gt;@KopecExplains&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Theme “Place on Fire” Copyright 2019 &lt;a href="www.creo-music.com" rel="nofollow"&gt;Creo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="nofollow"&gt;CC BY 4.0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Find out more at http://kopec.live&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/21dccc60/the-crowdstrike-incident/transcript"&gt;Read transcript&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr&gt;</description>

Bringing Down Millions of Windows PCs

#134 The CrowdStrike Incident

<description>&lt;p&gt;Approximately one in four consumers uses an ad blocker. But do they stop to consider whether that is actually a good thing for them? In this episode, we briefly touch on the technical aspects of ad blockers before having a larger discussion around the ethical and economic considerations of ad blocking technology.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Show Notes&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/faffaffb63e34c2c/how-does-the-web-work-" rel="nofollow"&gt;Episode 6: How Does the Web Work?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/340d30b0/what-are-cookies-" rel="nofollow"&gt;Episode 82: What Are Cookies?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4106" rel="nofollow"&gt;Ad Blocking&lt;/a&gt; - academic article mentioned in episode&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Follow us on X &lt;a href="https://twitter.com/kopecexplains" rel="nofollow"&gt;@KopecExplains&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Theme “Place on Fire” Copyright 2019 &lt;a href="www.creo-music.com" rel="nofollow"&gt;Creo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="nofollow"&gt;CC BY 4.0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Find out more at http://kopec.live&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/bb1985a0/ad-blockers/transcript"&gt;Read transcript&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr&gt;</description>

Do they actually hurt consumers?

#133 Ad Blockers

<description>&lt;p&gt;Machine Learning is a discipline within the broader field of Artificial Intelligence concerned with using insights from datasets to make predictions, classify new data points, and generate content. The algorithms used vary greatly in complexity and the real world applications that they are applicable to. Instead of concentrating on any particular algorithm, in this episode we aim to provide a broad understanding of machine learning and what it is used for. We also discuss bias in datasets and some common misconceptions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may want to listen to our &lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/0d1cba0838464b0b/artificial-intelligence" rel="nofollow"&gt;prior episode on Artificial Intelligence&lt;/a&gt; before diving into this episode.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Show Notes&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/0d1cba0838464b0b/artificial-intelligence" rel="nofollow"&gt;Episode 13: Artificial Intelligence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/14c7180e/expert-systems-a-forgotten-area-of-ai" rel="nofollow"&gt;Episode 103: Expert Systems: A Forgotten Area of AI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://classicproblems.com" rel="nofollow"&gt;The Classic Computer Science Problems Book Series by David&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://amzn.to/3X7JNNA" rel="nofollow"&gt;The Hundred-Page Machine Learning Book by Andriy Burkov&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Follow us on X &lt;a href="https://twitter.com/kopecexplains" rel="nofollow"&gt;@KopecExplains&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Theme “Place on Fire” Copyright 2019 &lt;a href="www.creo-music.com" rel="nofollow"&gt;Creo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="nofollow"&gt;CC BY 4.0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Find out more at http://kopec.live&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/4a228db9/what-is-machine-learning-/transcript"&gt;Read transcript&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr&gt;</description>

The Field Within Artificial Intelligence Pushing Computing Forward

#132 What is Machine Learning?

<description>&lt;p&gt;Abandonware is old software that is no longer commercially available. It's not a legal term, and in fact it's not legal to download most of the software that is termed "abandonware." In this episode we explain what abandonware is, the different legal situations that old software finds itself in, and we discuss whether or not downloading abandonware is ethical.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Show Notes&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/a6a9c69c6ae74929/what-is-an-emulator-" rel="nofollow"&gt;Episode 10: What is an Emulator?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/984d01700bac4ece/napster" rel="nofollow"&gt;Episode 26: Napster&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Follow us on X &lt;a href="https://twitter.com/kopecexplains" rel="nofollow"&gt;@KopecExplains&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Theme “Place on Fire” Copyright 2019 &lt;a href="www.creo-music.com" rel="nofollow"&gt;Creo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="nofollow"&gt;CC BY 4.0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Find out more at http://kopec.live&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://pnc.st/s/kopec-explains-software/3e7d6538/abandonware/transcript"&gt;Read transcript&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr&gt;</description>

If it's not for sale, can you download it?

#131 Abandonware

We make software-related technical topics intelligible. We aim to help you develop an intuitive understanding of each subject, instead of emphasizing formal definitions. Join us as we learn about the wide world of software.

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