Everyone thinks 1918 was slow. Horse-and-buggy America, right? Wrong. The Post Office had built one of the most advanced communication networks on the planet, but it still took over a week to get mail coast-to-coast. So they looked at thousands of surplus WWI planes sitting idle and thought: what if we use flying death traps to move the mail? In Episode 5, Aileen and Maia trace the audacious, deadly birth of American aviation. When the first official airmail flight launched in 1918, President Woodrow Wilson watched the pilot forget to fuel his plane, take off in the wrong direction, and crash-land 25 miles south of where he started. But the Post Office didn't give up. They hired civilian pilots at rockstar salaries to fly open-cockpit planes through blizzards with no instruments except a compass and a ripped-up road map. Between 1919 and 1921, one in six airmail pilots died on the job. The mortality rate was staggering: one pilot dead for every 115,325 miles flown. Then, in February 1921, with Congress weeks away from defunding the entire program, a injured pilot named Jack Knight flew 830 miles through a blizzard at night, guided only by bonfires lit by farmers and postal clerks who believed in what he was doing. His flight saved airmail and forced the government to build the infrastructure that made commercial aviation possible: 616 beacon towers, 95 emergency landing fields, and concrete arrows across the American West that you can still see today. But once the Post Office proved it worked, private companies suddenly got very interested. This episode reveals how the government spent decades taking all the risk, buried 31 pilots, built every piece of infrastructure, subsidized airlines for 34 years, and then watched those companies erase the Post Office from the origin story of flight. Key takeaways to listen for [00:00:00] Introduction [00:03:33] Act I - The Audacious Gamble: The disastrous first airmail flight when the pilot forgot to fuel his plane, why Otto Praeger's "fly or you're fired" policy killed one in six pilots, and how the Post Office took full control after the Army proved unreliable [00:12:30] Act II - The Transcontinental Gauntlet: Why Congress threatened to defund airmail in 1921, how the awkward plane-train-plane relay system barely beat all-rail service, and Praeger's desperate decision to prove night flying with bonfires before funding disappeared [00:20:25] Act III - The Hero of the Sky: Jack Knight's legendary 830-mile night flight through a blizzard with a broken nose, a ripped-up road map, and bonfires lit by ordinary Americans who turned themselves into infrastructure [00:32:55] Act IV - The Handoff: How the Post Office built 616 beacon towers and 95 emergency fields from scratch, why the 1925 Kelly Act subsidized private airlines for 34 years, and how Postmaster General Brown's secret 1930 meeting created the Big Four airlines that dominated aviation for half a century [00:42:28] Act V - The Institutional Legacy: Why 85% of airline revenue came from mail contracts in 1930, how United and American Airlines are really just renamed Post Office contractors, and what it means when we erase public institutions from innovation stories Follow Us On Social Media Instagram @Peopleof_Agency TikTok @Peopleof_Agency YouTube @Peopleof_Agency   Connect with Us Ready to explore how ordinary people built extraordinary public institutions? Subscribe to People of Agency wherever you listen to podcasts. Find us on social media @Peopleof_Agency. Have stories about how the mail shaped your community, or thoughts on protecting public services? We'd love to hear from you! [email protected] Quotes: "The military built the planes for war, but it was the Post Office that turned them into a tool for progress." - Aileen "It's like pitching investors on a food delivery app, except your delivery drivers are using experimental jetpacks that explode half the time." - Aileen "Ohio: taking credit for things since 1803." - Maia "Imagine being told, 'fly through a snowstorm at night, here's a road map we ripped off the wall.' That's not equipment, that's desperation disguised as a plan." - Maia "The pilot was alone in the cockpit, but he wasn't really alone. All along that route, ordinary Americans turned themselves into the infrastructure. A beacon system made out of human willpower." - Aileen "Not turning it off. That's the difference between a legend and a footnote right there. The refusal to quit." - Aileen Hashtags #PeopleOfAgency #AileenDay #MaiaWarner #Airmail #AirmailPilots #JackKnight #USPSHistory #AviationHistory #PostalService #UnitedAirlines #AmericanAirlines #TWA #OttoPraeger #PublicInfrastructure #CommercialAviation #WWI #KellyAct #BeaconTowers #NightFlying #TranscontinentalFlight #PublicInstitutions #GovernmentSubsidies #HistoryPodcast #InfrastructureHistory #AmericanHistory Credits  People of Agency is created and written by Aileen Day, with additional writing by Maia Warner-Langenbahn. It is hosted by Aileen Day and Maia Warner-Langenbahn. This episode was edited by the amazing Kelsi Rupersburg-Day. Our beautiful cover art is by Sam Woodring.  Sources Here are some of our other sources (use the tab function to review different episodes). How the Post Office Created America, by Winifred Gallagher, served as a significant guiding light for this project. Many of our sources were pulled from online Smithsonian resources and the Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Thank you to our anonymous Historian fact checker who reviewed many of our scripts and provided invaluable feedback.