<p>From smartphones to trainers, confectionary and cleaning products, we live in a culture of constant updates. Companies reformulate, redesign and refresh their products in a continuous race to stay ahead. But how are those decisions made? What counts as meaningful improvement and how much is designed to make last year’s version feel old? Evan Davis and guests discuss how products evolve and why standing still is the fastest way to fall behind.</p><p>Guests: Tom Moody, Senior Vice President and Managing Director, P&amp;G (Proctor &amp; Gamble) Northern Europe Dr Garry Moppett, Senior Director of Research &amp; Development at Mars Dave Ward, UK and International Managing Director, Amazon Ring. </p><p>Production team: Presenter: Evan Davis Producer: Sally Abrahams Sound engineers: Lee Wilson and Donald MacDonald Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison Editor: Matt Willis </p><p>The Bottom Line is produced in partnership with The Open University</p>